



% J> 



















V . * • °- 



V 






.V 



v»cr 



r oK 











,.0 «=■, 
















o -a? -^ 



v 



v * °* (?, 



^>* ^¥a^ v^ 




r *6* 








.0 ..!AvI/<* ^ V" 



■-.'■.. 




*U* 




■5 9* 














c 




J*** 




xO 






















V^Ts A, 

* » e S * » 







° « ° * ^ 




<> *o . » 







.* 



***** «*^IC^ * </ *Jfe- ** ^ - 







O * » 



fi^ 









^^ 











« <xs *t> 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/equestrianofficiOOIace 



> 



The Equestrian Officials of Trajan 

and Hadrian: Their Careers, 

With Some Notes on 

Hadrian's Reforms 



A DISSERTATION 

PRESENTED TO THE 

FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 

IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE 

OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

BY 

RAYMOND HENRY LACEY 



jl ilB|M OF CQSGS35S 

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
PRINCETON 

LONDON : HUMPHREY MILFORD 

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 

1917 



The Equestrian Officials of Trajan 

and Hadrian : Their Careers, 

With Some Notes on 

Hadrian's Reforms 



A DISSERTATION 

PRESENTED TO THE 

FACULTY OF PRINCETON UNIVERSITY 

IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE 

OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 

BY 

RAYMOND HENRY LACEY 



PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
PRINCETON 

LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD 

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 

1917 

. • PROPERTY OF 



.L.3 



Published July, 19 17 

Accepted by the Department of Classics 
April, 1 91 5 

Frinted in the United States of America 



Gift 
Tho Uai?eral*f 




PREFACE 

The subject of this dissertation was suggested by Professor 
Frank Frost Abbott and the work was done under his direc- 
tion. I wish to express my appreciation of his unfailing 
interest and helpful criticism. My thanks are also due to 
Professors Stuart and Durham and Dr. Keyes for their 
many slrggestions, and to Professor Fox, who has .kindly read 
and criticized the proof sheets. I desire especially to make 
grateful acknowledgment to Professor Edward Capps and 
to Professor Abbott for their interest in all my work and for 
their continued and most generous encouragement. 

Raymond Henry Lacey. 
August 14, 1916 
Easton, Pa. 



111 



ABBREVIATIONS 

AE = R. Cagnat, L'annee epigraphique. Revue des publications 

epigraphiques relatives a I'antiquite romaine, Paris, 1888-. 
AP = Archiv fur Papyrusforschung und verivandte Gebiete, Leipzig, 

1900-. 
BGU = Griechische Urkunden aus den koniglichen Museen su Berlin, 

Berlin, 1895-. 
Cagnat, Armee =, R. Cagnat, L'armee romaine d'Afrique et V occupation 

militaire de I'Afrique sous les empereurs, 2 ed., Paris, 1912. 
Cagnat, Cours = R. iCagnat, Cours d'epigraphie latine, 4 ed., Paris, 

1914. 
Cantarelli = L. Cantarelli, La serie del prefetti di Egitto. I Da Otta- 

viano Augusto a Diocleziano, Rome, 1906. 
Chapot = V. Chapot, La province romaine proconsulate d'Asie depuis 

ses origines jusqu'a la fin du haut-empire, Paris, 1904. 
CIG = Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum, Berlin, 1828-1878. 
CIL = Corpus inscriptionum Latinarum, Berlin, 1863-. 

(Cited simply by number of volume and without the letters 

CIL where no ambiguity would occur.) 
Corp. Rain. = Corpus papyrorum Raineri, Vienna, 1895. 
De Lessert = Pallu de Lessert, Fastes des provinces africaines, Paris, 

1896. 
Diz. ep. = H. de Ruggiero, Dizionario epigrafico di antichita Romane, 

Rome, 1895-. 
Diirr = J. Dairr, Die Reisen des Kaisers Hadrian, Vienna, 1881. 
Eph. ep. = Ephemeris epigraphica. Corporis inscriptionum Latinarum 

supplementum, Berlin, 1872-. 
Friedlander == L. Friedlander, Darstellungen aus der Sittengeschichte 

Roms in der Zeit von August bis zum Ausgang der Antonine, 6 

Aufl., Leipzig, 1888. (The references are to the appendices, which 

do not appear in the seventh edition.) 
Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 = 0. Hirschfeld, Untersuchungen auf dem Ge- 
biete der romischen V erwaltungsgeschichte , Berlin, 1877. 
Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 = O. Hirschfeld, Die kaiserlichen Verwaltungs- 

beamten bis auf Diocletian, 2 Aufl., Berlin, 1905. 
IG =:Inscriptiones Graecae, Berlin, 1877-. 

IGR = Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes, Paris, 1901-. 
Jahreshefte = Jahreshefte des osterreichen archdologischen Instituts 

in Wien, Vienna, 1898-. 
Jung = J. Jung, Fasten der Provinz Dacien, Innsbruck, 1894. 
Klein = J. Klein, Die V erwaltungsbeamten von Sicilien und Sardinien, 

Bonn, 1878. 
Liebenam, Laufbahn = W. Liebenam, Beitrdge zur Verwaltungsge- 



schichte des rbmischen Kaiserreichs. I Die Laufbahn der pro- 
curatoren bis auf die Zeit Diocletians, Jena, 1886. 

Liebenam, Legaten = W. Liebenam, Forschungen zur Verwaltungsge- 
schichte des rbmischen Kaiserreichs. I Die Legaten in den 
rbmischen Provinzen von Augustus bis Diocletian, Leipzig, 1888. 

Marquardt = J. Marquardt, Rbmische Staatsverwaltung, 2 Aufl., Leip- 
zig, 1881-5. 

Mommsen, St. R. = Theodor Mommsen, Rbmisches Staatsrecht, 3 Aufl., 
Leipzig, 1887-8. 

Ox. Pap. = Oxyrhynchus Papyri, London, 1898-. 

Peaks= Mary Bradford Peaks, The General Civil and Military Ad- 
ministration of Noricum atvd Raetia, Chicago, 1907. 

Plew = Plew, Quellenuntersuchungen zur Geschichte Kaisers Hadrian, 
Strassburg, 1890. 

Premerstein, Attentat = A. von Premerstein, Das Attentat der Kon- 
sulare auf Hadrian im Jahre 118; in Klio achtes Beiheft, 1908. 

Pros. = Prosopographia imperii Romani saec. I, II, III, Berlin, 

1897-. 
PW = Paulys, Real-Encyclopadie der classischen Alterthumswis- 

senschaft, neue Bearbeitung, Wissowa-Kroll, Stuttgart, 1894-. 
Rostowzew, Staatspacht = M. Rostowzew, Geschichte der Staatspacht 

in der rbmischen Kaiserzeit bis Diocletian; in Philologus, 9. 

Suppl.-Band, pp. 329-512. 
Schulz = O. Schulz, Leben des Kaisers Hadrian. Quellenanalysen und 

historische Untersuchungen, Leipzig, 1904. 
Schurz = W. Schurz, De mutationibus in imperio Romano ordinando 

ab imperatore Hadriano factis, Bonn, 1883. 
Weber = W. Weber, Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Kaisers 

Hadrian, Leipzig, 1907. 
(For the abbreviations n. and no., see Chapter I note 4; for the 

meaning of the signs dagger [f] and star [*], see notes 2 and 3.) 



INTRODUCTION 

The ancient writers who have left accounts of the reign of 
the Emperor Hadrian ascribe to him many reforms in the 
administration of the Roman Empire. Definite and interest- 
ing conclusions regarding his reforms, which are independent 
of the statements in ancient literature, can be drawn from a 
comparison of the status of those who held particular offices 
while Hadrian was emperor with the status of those who 
held the same offices before he became emperor. Valuable 
results can also be obtained through a study of the offices 
existing during Hadrian's reign as compared with those which 
existed previously. Since many of the administrative reforms 
of this period affected the equestrian order, it is my purpose 
in this paper to give a list of the equestrian officials who 
served under Trajan and Hadrian, so far as their names are 
known to us from ancient literature, inscriptions, and papyri, 
in order that we may have a foundation for a comparative 
study of the policies of these two emperors as they affected 
the equites. Under the name of each official are given his 
offices together with their dates, as nearly as they can be 
determined. Much new material has been brought to light 
since the publication of the Prosopographia imperii Romani, 1 
and for this reason a considerable number of names new to 
the prosopography of this period will be found in the present 
list. 2 New facts also are given under many names already 
known. 3 In the second chapter is given a brief discussion, 
based on the material found in the first chapter, of the reforms 
of Hadrian as they affected the equites. It is here shown 
that several changes commonly attributed to Hadrian were 
in fact made by Trajan. In a number of cases the state- 
ments of the ancients are confirmed. Especially is this so 
with regard to the traditional view that Hadrian employed 
more of the equites in civil positions than his predecessors 
had done. 



CHAPTER I 

Careers of the Equestrian Officials Under Trajan 
and Hadrian 

i. fC. Pompeius Planta 

IGR III 466 (Balbura, Lycia): 4 . . . &a Aov[k]lov Aoucicuro 

'0[Kpea irptvfievTov twv] %e/3a<rT<av kcu av[T]i[(r]Tpa[T^]yov /cat [ . . . 
HofiTrrjQov IIXavTa €7r[iT]/307ro[v]. 

IGR I 1 1 54 (Ptolemais Hermiu) : 'Yirip AvTOKparopos Kcuo-a- 

pos Nepova Tpaiavov 2,efia<TTOv TeppaviKov 'Aa-KXrjmm /cai "Yyictai t6v 
vabv kou to tc/acvos c7r£<7Kevao-€v rj 7roAis €7rt ILofMrrjiov IIAavra i^ye/Aovos 
e7TiO"T/3aT^yovvTOS KaA7rou/3Vtou 2a/3eivot>. 

BGU I 226, I.9: 1-17? tov Kpario-Tov fjy€p,6vo(<;) [ILo]lATTr)LOV 
IIXavTa (tT£i) /8' AvTOKpdropos Kaurapos Nepoua Tpatavov 2e/?a(rrov 
rep/wiwKoS $ape(vu)0) a'. (Feb. 26, 99) 

III S. 14147 2 (Syena) : Imp. Caesar[i] Nervae Traiano 
Aug. Germ. pont. max., tribunic. potest, cos. II, p. p., per 
C. Pompeium Plantam praef. Aeg. . 

C. Pompeius Planta was procurator of Lycia and Pam- 
phylia under Vespasian when L. Luscius Ocrea 5 was legatus 
Augusti. In IGR I 1154 Trajan is called Germanicus, a title 
received in October or November, 97, but not pater patriae, 
received before September 18, 98. 6 Therefore the earliest 
known date of Planta's prefecture of Egypt lies between these 
dates. 7 The latest date which we have of his term of office 
is February 26, 99, from BGU I 226. His praenomen is known 
from III S. 14147. 2 

2. Calpurnius Sabinus 

IGR I 1154 (Ptolemais Hermiu): (see under no. 1). 

Since Ptolemais Hermiu lies in the Thebais, Calpurnius 
Sabinus was epistrategus of this section of Egypt when Pom- 
peius Planta was praef ectus Aegypti, i.e., between 97 and 99. 

3. T. Caesernius Macedo 

III S. 10224 (Pannonia inf.) : T. Cominius T. f. Volt. 
Severus Vienna / leg. II Adiutric. donis donat. ab Imp. 



Caesare Aug. bello Dacico T. Caesernius Macedo proc. 

Aug. her. ex test. p. 

Ill Dipl. XXXVI (S. p. 1973) (Mauretania Caes.) : 

equitibus et peditibus qui militaverunt - - - et sunt in Mau- 
retania Caesarensi 8 sub T. Caesernio Macedone - - - a. d. 
VIII K. Dec. C. Iulio Longino C. Valerio Paullino cos. 

(Nov. 24, 107) 

T. Caesernius Macedo was a procurator Augusti in Pan- 
nonia about the time of the Dacian war under Domitian, when 
he set up the stone to a centurion who probably died in the 
war. 9 He was procurator of Mauretania Caesariensis in 
107, for he had charge of the auxiliary troops of the province. 

4. fC. Minicius Italus 10 

V 875 (Aquileia) : C. Minicio C fil, Vel. Italo IIII viro 
i.d., praef. coh. - - - proc. provinc. Hellespont., proc. pro- 
vinciae Asiae quam mandatu principis vice defuncti procos. 
rexit, procurat. provinciarum Luguduniensis et Aquitanicae 

item Lactorae, praefecto annonae, praefecto Aegypti 

Ti. Iulio [Candido II C. Ant]io Ouadrato II cos. (!05) 

III S. 12053 (Alexandria) : C. Minicio C. f. Vel. Ital. praef. 
coh. [V] Gall. eq. I Breu[c] . . . provinciar. Lugdunen[sis] 
et Aquitani[cae], pra[ef.] an[n.], pra[e]f. A[eg.] . X1 

BGU III 908, 1.8: tw cvc[<rr]coTi Tpaiavov KaiWpos tov KvjOto[v] 

t V 12 [t]coi Kp[aT]i<TTco[i f/yej/xovi Mivikuoi 'I-raAa) - - - [^yJcjLiwv 

7ra/)ay£v(o)/x(cvos) «7r(t) tu>(v) T07r(a)v) $LaKo(v)cr(r)) ^u,tuv. 13 (I0I-2) 

Ox. Pap. VII 1022: [C] Minicius Italu[s C]elsiano suo 

sal [u] tern. accepta VI K(alendas) Martias ann(o) VI 

Imp. Traiani n(ostri). (Feb. 24, 103) 

In his procuratorship of Asia quam mandatu principis vice 
defuncti proconsulis rexit, C. Minicius Italus furnishes the 
only known example in the first two centuries of the empire 
of a procurator as substitute for a proconsul in the governor- 
ship of a province. 14 This office was held under Domitian, 
probably about 88. 15 After having been procurator of the 
provinces of Lugdunensis, Aquitania, and Lactora, 16 he held two 
high positions as praef ectus annonae and praef ectus Aegypti. 
The inscription V 875, in which the prefecture of Egypt is 
the last office named, was cut in 105, but Vibius Maximus was 
prefect as early as August 30, 103 17 and was succeeded in 105 
by Sulpicius Similis. 18 Therefore Minicius' term of office 
must have fallen before a date between the last of February 



(Ox. Pap. VII 1022, see above) and August 30, 103. 19 The 
earliest attested date of his prefecture is in BGU III 908 of 
the year 101-2 (revised reading). Pompeius Planta was in 
office February 26, 99, 20 and Minicius must therefore have 
been appointed between this date and 101. 21 At least a part 
of his term of office as praef ectus annonae probably fell 
under Trajan. 

5. C. Vibius Salutaris 

III 14195 6 (Ephesus) : C. Vibius C. f. Vof. Salutaris 

promag. portuum provinc. Siciliae, item promag. frumenti 
mancipalis, praef. cohor. Asturum et Callaecorum, trib. mil. 
leg. XXII Primigeniae p. f., subprocurator provinc. Maure- 

taniae Tingitanae, item provinc. Belgicae em avOvirdrov 

T. 'AkvWlov UpoxXov - - - . ( IO3-4) 22 

C. Vibius Salutaris appears in the above bilingual inscrip- 
tion of Ephesus 23 of the year 103-4. Before holding the 
militia e equestres he was promagister portuum provinciae Si- 
ciliae and perhaps at the same time promagister frumenti 
mancipalis. 2 * Because of his later career Hirschfeld con- 
siders him in these positions as an imperial official. Ros- 
towzew thinks he was midway between a procurator and the 
conductor of other provinces. The office had to do with the 
collection of the customs. After holding the militiae equestres 
he became subprocurator 25 of the province of Mauretania 
Tingitana and then of Belgica, probably in the first years of 
Trajan's reign, 26 since these are the highest positions 
mentioned. 

6. Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito 

VI 798 (Rome) : Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito praef. 
oohortis, trib. milit., donat. hasta pura corona vallari, proc. ab 
epistulis et a patrimonio, iterum ab epistulis divi Nervae eodem 
auctore ex s. c. praetoriis ornamentis, ab epistulis tertio Imp. 
Nervae Caesar. Traiani Aug. Ger., praef. vigilum. Vol- 
cano d.d. 

Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito is known from this' inscription 
and from references in the letters of Pliny. 27 He was pro- 
curator ab epistulis and a patrimonio under Domitian, 28 ab 
epistulis a second time under Nerva, and a third time under 



Trajan in the first years of his reign, for Trajan was not yet 
surnamed Dacicus. 29 After this he became praefectus vigilum. 
He was still living in 109. 30 

7. Q. Petronius Modestus 

V 534 (Tergeste) : O. Petronius C. f. Pu[p.] Modestus p. p. 
bis leg. XII Fulm. et leg. I Adiu[t]ric, trib. mil. coh. V vig., 
tr. coh. XII urb., tr. coh. V pr., pr[oc] divi Nervae et Imp. 
Caes. Nervae Traiani Aug. Germ. provin[c. Hi]spaniae citer. 
Asturiae et Callaeciarum, flamen divi Claud [i de]dit idemque 
dedicavit. 

Q. Petronius Modestus was made procurator of Asturia and 
Callaecia 31 in Hither Spain before Nerva's death in January, 
98. His term in office probably closed before the last of 102, 
when Trajan was surnamed Dacicus, a name which does not 
appear in the inscription. The inscription was certainly cut 
before this date. 

8. *L. Vibius Lentulus 

AE 1913 n. 143a (Ephesus): 32 17 ftovXrj kci[i] 6 St^os erei- 
\_jji\rja-av A. Ov€l(3lov T. vlov [A]i/Ai'Aia AevnAov \j.TrL~\Tpoirov A[vTo]*cpa- 
t[o]/jos Nep[ova Tpajiavov Katcra/oo? [2e/3ao-] tov YepfxaviKOv A[clklkov d]7ro 
-rail/ Xoyuiv, [AwptKar]^?, 'Ao-ias, IIavv[onas AaA]/u.aTtas, /Aov^Tr/s, tTrap- 
Xov ciAt/s [<J>Aaouias /8' 7roAei]TO)v 'Pw/xcuW x u ^ a PX ov Aeyia>[j/os t, 
ye/Atvi/s ^>i8t/]A£0)[s, iirapxov T£kto]v[o)v] f3or][66v A. Hop,Trr]io]v Ov[o- 
7T€t(TKOv KareXXio^v [Kje'Aefjaos «n"i twv 68a>v vaaiv ie]/ou>[v tottwv t€ 
$rjp,ocriu)v ty}~\v a[ya.(TTa(TLV Trotrjaapiivov ck irpoo-oSayv vtto T. QXclovlov 
Movra]v[ou S^udcrta ScAtik]?) hia\BrjKr] AeAei/xyucvcov] . 3 3 

lb. 143b (EpheSUS) : f] /3ovX[rj /cat 6 S^os] i\_Teip.rjcrav] T. 4>Aa- 

ou[tov Movrdvov] Sis €-rr\a\pxpv TtyQ/tiTuv A. Ot>ei[/3ios Ae']v[TCwAos 

£]7rtTp[o7ros kvTOKpa\Top\os Ne/oo]ua Tpaia[yov KatWpos 2]e/?a[crTo{) 
T]cpp.aviKo[y Ao.klkov airo] tw[v Ady]a>v Ik Tr[pocr68o>v Si/ ( ado-t]a 
Se[Ar]t/<^ $LJL6[rjKr] AeAet/A]/u.e[vw]v V7r* aujVoi!]. 

In these inscriptions Trajan is called Dacicus but not Opti- 
mus. They were therefore cut after 103 and probably before 
114. 34 After his military career Lentulus became successively 
procurator Augusti monetae, 35 procurator Augusti Pannoniae 
et DaImatiae 3Q and procurator Augusti Asiae. 37 He was then 
transferred to Rome and became first procurator Augusti a 
loricata 38 and then a rationibus. 39 These positions were held 
before 114, and all under Trajan, 40 in spite of the fact that 



Lentulus was assistant of L. Pompeius Vopiscus Catillius 
Celer 41 when the latter was curator viarum aedium sacrarum 
locorumque public orum. Celer was consul in 72, legatus 
Augusti pro praetore Lusitaniae in 77-8, and was mentioned 
among the fratres Arvales as late as 91. 

9. (Attius) Suburanus 42 

Vict. Caes. 13. 8-9: [Trajanus] aequus clemens patientis- 
simus atque in amicos perfidelis, quippe qui Surae familiari 
opus sacraverit, quae Suranae sunt: usque eo innocentiae 
fidens, uti praefectum praetorio Suburanum nomine, cum 
insigne potestatis, uti mos erat, pugionem daret, crebro rnonu- 
erit: "Tibi istum ad munimentum mei committo, si recte 
agam; sin aliter, in me magis." quod moderationem omnium 
vel errare minus fas sit. 43 

Suburanus was praefectus praetorio, evidently at the be- 
ginning of Trajan's reign. 44 

10. Ti. Claudius Livianus 

Dio 68. 9. 2 : i7r£p,<pdr] 6 Sovpas kcu KAavStos Aioviavos 6 ?7rapx ?- 
iirpdxOr) Se ovBev. ( I ^2) 

VI 1604 (Rome) : Ti. Claudio Liviano pr. pr. amico optim. 

XIV 3439 (Praeneste) : Ti. Claudi Liviani pr. pr. IXX. 

Fit. Had. 4. 2 : qua quidem tempestate [114-117] ute- 

batur Hadrianus amicitia Sosi Papi et Platori Nepotis ex 
senatorio ordine, ex equestri autem Attiani, tutoris quondam 
sui, et Liviani [et] 45 Turbonis. 

We do not know the time limits of Livianus' prefecture. 
He was praefectus praetorio during the first Dacian war of 
Trajan (101-2) and probably for some time afterward. He 
appears to have accompanied the Parthian expedition, per- 
haps as praefectus praetorio.* 6 He was at this time among the 
equestrian friends of Hadrian. 47 

11. fP. Postumius Acilianus 

IGR III 928 (Cilicia) : TLoirXcov HoaTOvfxtov'A.KeiXiavbv iirLTpcnrov 
AvTOKpdropos Kcucra[po]s Nepoua Tpaiav\_ov 2]e/8aorov Tep[p,^a.viKov 
Miyvd8w/o[o]s Alovvctiov tov kavrov cvepyerrjv. 

II 2213 (Corduba) : . . . Postumius A. f. Pap. Acilianus 
praef. cohort. II Hisp. miliar. . . . vit. pr. Imp. et leg. XII 
Fulm., 48 proc. provinc. Achaiae, procurator . . . 



We know from IGR III 928, found at Arsus, Cilicia, that 
P. Postumius Acilianus was procurator of Cilicia before 103, 
since Trajan was not yet called Dacicus. From II 2213 we 
see that he began his civil career as procurator of Achaia, 
since this office follows directly after his military positions 
and his cursus is in ascending order. He must therefore have 
begun his civil career early in Trajan's reign. 

12. fC. Vibius Maximus 

IGR I 1 175 (Coptos) : 49 *Y7rep t^s AvTOKparopos KatVapo? Nepova 
Tpatavov ^eftao-TOV Tepp.avi.Kov Aclkikov - - - [tv^s] cttI i^ye/xoVos, 

Ov[ifti~\ov Ma[^i'/*]ov kcll tiruTT parrjyov TIopLTrrjiov UpoKXov trow; 

£' AuroKpaVopos KaiVapos Nepoua Tpatavov 2e/?acrT0i} TeppiavLKOv Aa/a/cot) 
©a)0 a'. ( Au g- 3°, ^s) 

III 14148 2 (Nile) : [Imp. Caes. divi Nervae f. Nerva 

Traianus Aug. Germ. Dacic. trib. potejst cos. V. C. 

[Vibi]o Maximo 50 praef. Aeg. a Philis XXXII, d™ $iA<Sv 

(77r( )\/3. 

Ill 38 (Thebes) : Anno VII Imp. Caesaris Nervae Traiani 
Aug. Ger. Dacici, C. Vibius Maximus praef. Aeg. audit Mem- 
nonem XIIII K. Mar. Hora IIS. semel et III sem[el]. 

(Feb. 16, 104) 

Amherst Pap. II 64 : Ackoitou erovs Tpaiavov KatVapos tov Kvpiov 

$ap,eva)0 X' Out^Sto? Md^tpos — (gives decision as prefect). 

(March 26, 107) 

We know of no office held by C. Vibius Maximus except 
the prefecture of Egypt. 51 He took office between February 
24 and August 30, 103, the former being the latest known 
date of the prefecture of C. Minicius Italus, 52 and the latter, 
the earliest of the term of Maximus of which we know. 
Amherst Pap. II 64 contains a decision of the prefect of 
March 26, 107, which is the latest date of which we have evi- 
dence. He was succeeded in the same year by Sulpicius 
Similis. 53 

13. Pompeius Proc(u)lus 

IGR I 1 175 (Coptos) : (see under no. 12). 

Pompeius Proc(u)lus was epistrategus of the Thebais 54 in 
103. He may have been the same as 



Cn. Pompeius Proculus 

VI 1627 (Rome) : Cn. Pompeio [Pjroculo . . . g complu- 
rium [primijp. leg IIII p. f., [trib.,] coh. I Urbanae, [pr] oc. 
Ponti et [Bit]hyniae. 

The date of Cn. Pompeius Proculus is unknown. 

14. *T. Visulanius Crescens 

XI 709 (Bononia) : D.M.V.F. T. Visulanio Aufidio Trebio 
Clementi T. Visulanius Crescens praef. fabr. bis, praef . cohort. 
I Gallor., trib. mil. cohort, civium Romanor., praef. equitum 
alae Moesicae, censor Germ, inferior . Patri optimo. 

III. S. p. 1971, Dipl. XXXI: ad XVIIII K. Septembr. 

O. Fabio Barbara A. Caecilio Faustino cos., cohort. II Gallo- 
rum cui praest Visulanius Crescens. (Aug. 14, 99) 

T. Visulanius Crescens was censor of Lower Germany, 
probably in the early part of Trajan's reign, for he was prefect 
of a cohort in 99. 55 

15. Memmius (or Memnius) Rufus (or Rufinus) 

16. Silius Decianus 

XV 7302 (Rome) : [I]mp. Nervae Traiani Caes. Aug. Ger. 
Dae. sub cur. Sili Deciani et Memni 56 Run . . . lius Poly- 
bius fee. IIIX. 

Memmius Rufus, or Rufinus, and Silius Decianus were pos- 
sibly procurator es aquarum as Dessau thinks. 57 Lanciani 58 con- 
siders them only adiutores of the curator aquarum. The date 
is after 103, for Trajan is called Dacicus. 

17. fC. Pomponius Hyllus 

XV 7299 (Rome) : Imp. Nerv. Traian. Aug. [G]er. 
Dacic. sub cur. C. Pomp. Hylli [p]roc. fee. CI. Onesim. 5 ' 9 

XV 7300 (Rome) : Imp. Nervae Traiani Caesar. Aug. Ger. 
Dacic. sub cura C. Pomponi Hylli proc. off. elesi i ser. 60 

XV 7301 (unknown) : [I]mp. Caes. Nerv. Tra[i]a[n. Aug. 
Ger. Dae. sub cur.] C. Pompon. Hylli 61 proc. Aug. [fee] . . . 

C. Pomponius Hyllus was procurator aquarum^ 2 under Tra- 
jan after 103. 

18. P. Besius Betuinianus C. Marius Memmius Sabinus 

VIII 9990 (Tangiers) : P. Besio P. f. Quir. Betuiniano 
C. Mario Memmio Sabino praef. coh. I Raetorum, trib. leg. 



X G. p. f., praef. alae Dardanorum, procuratori Imp. Caesaris 
Nervae Traiani Aug. Germ. Dacici monetae, proc. provinc. 
Baeticae, proc. XX hered., proc. pro leg. provinc. Mauretaniae 
Tingitanae, donis donato ab Imp. Traiano Aug. bello Dacico, 
corona murali vallari hastis pur. vexillo argent, exacti 
exercitus. 

In this inscription Trajan is called Dacicus, a surname which 
he received late in 102, and not Optimus, which he assumed 
in 114. Therefore the inscription was cut after 102 and 
probably before 114. Besius doubtless completed his military- 
career before holding any of the procuratorships, and the 
dona militaria for distinction in the Dacian war, although 
mentioned last, were of course received for service in one of 
the militiae equestres. 63 In all probability, therefore, Besius 
held the four procuratorships between 103 and 114. 64 He is 
known only from this inscription. The procurator pro legato 
provinciae Mauretaniae Tingitanae 65 seems to have been a 
procurator invested with additional power by having legionary 
troops placed temporarily under his command, an officer cor- 
responding to the tribunus militum pro legato, a substitute 
commander for a legate. 66 

19. *C. Iulius Demosthenes 

IGR III 500 (Oenoandis) II 52 f. : Tatov 'lovXlov Arj^ocrOevovs, 

os eyeVcTO xciXia/oxos XeyeaJj/os 2t8^(/3as) xal €7rap\o<; 61X775 i(386fxrj<: 
<PpvyS>v, €7rtTpo7ros AvTOKparopos Tpatavov eVa^^eia? 2iKcXias Kai twv 
avvreXovawv v^cr[cr]wv Kai [xtTa tovto AvKidp^r]<;. 

IGR III 487 (Oenoandis) : [r. 'WXioi/ ArjfAoadtvr) — cttit/jottov 

AvroKparopos Kcuo-apos Ne'pova Tpaiavov ^efiacrTov TepfiaviKov Aa]/a- 
kov C7ra[]p^€ta]s 2i/<e[Xias] /ecu rav aXXoov twv 2i[KeXia] crwreXoixraiy 
vi70-[o-](uv yevop.evov dp^iepla tu>v [^jSaajrwc koX ypap-p-area Av[/«W] 
tov kolvov Kai ay(x)vo9e[rrjv] rwv TrevTatTrjpiKWV p.[eya]Xwv IcroXvpurcwv 
Ov€(r[7ra]<Tiav£[t'a)v] . 

The letters klkov of the second inscription are evidently the 
last of AaKiKov, which was here the last surname of the 
emperor. Therefore Demosthenes, whose name is supplied 
here from the first inscription, was procurator of Sicily and 
the neighboring islands 67 after 103 and probably before 114. 68 
He afterward became flam en Augustorum, or Lyciarch, 69 clerk 
of the Lycian league, and overseer of the great quinquennial 
games in honor of Vespasian. 



20. *A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus 

Bull. corr. hell. 28 (1904) pp. 424 ff. (Argos) : 'A. IIo//.7ra)viov 
r. vlbv Kujcnva Avyovpeivov T. Ylpufripviov Holltov ^etXtap^ 0V Xeytcovos 
1 Ofpemp/aias, €7ra[pJ^ov o-ir€ipr]<i a ^etAtavS/aou TifxrjdivTa //.era rr]V Kara 
TeTaiv vuktjv vtto AvTOKparopos KatVapos Ncpoua Tpcuavot) 2,e(3acrTov 
Tepp.avi.KOv Aclkikov koct/jlu) api(TT€ia> ovr]£iX.\<i) apyvp<j> nal Sopari Ka6ap<S 
Kal <TTe<jnxv(o Tet^rjpi, iiriTpo-rrov "^efiaa^Tov e]7rap^£t'as A^aias. M. Av- 
Tcoi/tos 'A^aiKos ck Taiv iSt'cov {i7rep Tip rroXiv. 

A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus is known 
only from this inscription, which states that he was honored 
by Trajan with dona militaria. 70 He was procurator of Achaia 
after 103 and probably before 114, since Trajan is called 
Dacicus but not Optimus. 71 

21. C. Terentius Iunior 

Plin. Epp. VII 25. 2 : - - - Terentius Iunior, equestribus 
militiis functus atque etiam procuratione Narbonensis pro- 
vinciae integerrime functus, recepit se in agros suos paratisque 
honoribus tranquillissimum otium praetulit. 

The date of Plin. Epp. VII 25 is 107, as fixed by Momm- 
sen. 72 C. Terentius Iunior was therefore procurator of Nar- 
bonensis, probably during the early years of Trajan's reign. 73 

21a, . . . ]aenus (or . . . ]linus) 

BGU IV 1 03 3 j !• 20 : . . .~\p.vov tov irpos tc3 iSio> Xoyw t<S 17 V . . . 

' (105-6) 

This document gives part of the name of an idiologus who 
was in office in 105-6. He is the only one mentioned by name 
during the reign of Trajan. 

22. Ti. Iulius Aquilinus 

III pp. 866-7, Dipl. XXIV = p. 1972 n. XXXV: Imp. 
Caesar divi Nervae f., Nerva Traianus Augustus Germanicus 
Dacicus pontifex maximus tribunic. potestat. XI, imp. VI, cos. 
V, p. p., equitibus et peditibus qui militaverunt - - - et sunt 
in Raetia sub Ti. Iulio Aquilino - - - C. Minicio Fundano C. 
Vettennio Severo cos. (107) 

Ti. Iulius Aquilinus was governing procurator of Raetia in 
107, since he commanded the auxiliary troops of the province. 74 

23. f C. Sulpicius Similis 75 

Frg. Vatic. 233 : - - - secundum litteras divi Traiani ad 
Sulpicium Similem - - -quae omnia litteris praefecti annonae 
significanda sunt. 



Amherst Pap. II 64 : 2ovA7ri/ao[s] %.p.Ckvi 'Hpai<\el8r]L <TTp(aTr)y(t>i) 

'Epfi,oir(o\iTov) xa(t/t>«'v). (crows) 8ckoito[v] Avtokooitodos KatVapos 

N[ep]ova Tpaiavov Se/foo-TOV re[p/AavtKOi> . . . ]. 

(Between last of Mch. and Aug. 29, 107) 76 

III 24 (Egypt) : An(no) XII Imp. Nerva Traiano Caesare 

Aug. Germanico Dacico per Sulpicium Simi[le]m praef. Aeg. 

(Between Aug. 29, 108 and Aug. 28, 109) 

A Vienna papyrus cited by de Ricci, Proc. Bibl. Arch. 1900 
p. 379, of the thirteenth year of Trajan, i. e., no. 

Vit. Had. 9. 4: cui [Attiano] cum successorem dare non pos- 
set quia non petebat, id egit, ut peteret atque, ubi primum 
petit, in Turbonem transtulit potestatem; cum quidem etiam 
Simili alteri praefecto Septicium Clarum successorem dedit. 

Dio 69. 19 • fat ttjv twv Bopvtpopwv apxyv olkwv T€ £\a/3e kcu Xafilav 
e^icrraro, /xoAts T£ acpeOels iv ayp<2 ^crv^os €7ttoi irrj to. Xoitto. tov (iiov 
Strjyaye kcu liri ye to pvr/pa avrov tovto €7r€ypayyev ore a 2tptA.is ivravda 
/cetTat fttovs p.kv err] Tocra, ^rjcras Se Ittj €7TTa." 

The fact that C. Sulpicius Similis held the office of praef ec- 
tus annonae under Trajan is known only from a rescript of the 
emperor to him, which is cited by Ulpian. -This office was 
held before 107, for before the middle of that year Similis 
became praef ectus Aegypti, immediately succeeding C. Vibius 
Maximus, as we know from Amherst Pap. II 64, which con- 
tains a decision of the latter to the strategus Heraclides, dated 
March 26, 107, and attached to it a copy of a letter of Sulpicius 
Similis to the same strategus, dated also in the tenth year of 
Trajan, i.e., before August 29 of that year. 77 He is also men- 
tioned as prefect in III 24, of the tenth year of Trajan, and in 
a Vienna papyrus of the year no. 78 Between this date and 
March, 114 he was succeeded by Rutilius Lupus. 79 Similis 
was made praef ectus praetorio probably in the last of Trajan's 
reign, 80 and held the office, for a time at least, with Acilius 
Attianus. He was relieved of the office about the time 
that Marcius Turbo was made praef ectus instead of Attianus, 
i.e., in the early part of 119. 81 Having been succeeded by 
Septicius Clarus he lived seven years quietly in the country. 

24. C. Manlius Felix 

III 726 (Thrace) : C. Manlio . . . f. Q. Felici trib. mil. 
leg. VI [I] G. p. f., adlect. in decur. iudic. selector, a divo Tito, 
praef. fabr. Imp. Caesaris Nervae Trai. Germ, Dacici II, praef. 
class. Pann. et Germ., proc. Aug. reg. Chers., proc. Aug. XX 
hered. d. d. 



The inscription was cut after 103, since Trajan is called Da- 
cicus, and probably before 114, when the title Optimus was 
conferred upon him. Therefore Felix was prefect of the 
Pannonian and then of the German fleet, procurator of the 
emperor's possessions in the Thracian Chersonese, 82 and fin- 
ally procurator Augusti vicesimae hereditatium, before 114. 

25. fCn. Cornelius Pulcher 

IG IV 795 (ArgOS) : 83 IV. KopvrjXiov Ti/Je/nov vlov <£a/3ta IIovX- 
\pov xet,\.iap)(ov Xey. 8' %kv9ikt)<; 8v av8p(i>v avTio-rparrryov iv Ko/oiV0a>, 
€vdr][v]ta<s iTrip.€\eTr}v, ayuvodlr-qv K-aiaaprjuiv Nepovavrjwv Tpauxvrju)v 
%€/3a<TTrjwv Tep/xaviKrjwv AaK^cov kcu 'Ia6/iiwv kcu K.atcraprju>v kcli dyco- 
voQkri\v Se/focrreiW kcu 'Ao-kX^ttciW Kal o-rpaTr/yov kcu ypa/xpLarea tw 
'A^ataij/ kcu apxiepca Kal kiriTpo-rrov Kcucmpos . . . 

IG IV 160O (Corinth) : IV. KopvyXiov Ti/3. KopvrjXiov ILovXxpov 
vlbv fPa/Sia IIov[X]xpov o-TpaTrjyov rrjs iroXews KopivfliW, TrtVTatrrjpiKov 
ay<t)vo$eTr]V Kcu[cra]p€icov 'Icrtfyucov dp\Ltp^ia] rr)<; 'EXXdSos kcu EXXa- 
8<xpxr]V oltto tov kolvov tG>v 'A^aicov (rvfVeSJjCHOu 81a fiiov, Hirct/90?> 
fTTLTpoirov, AiyvirTov Kal ' AXe£av8p€ias SiKaioSoTrjv, apxov[ra tot)] 
IlaveXA^viou Kal lepia 'A&piavov IlaveXXr/vtov aXXas re /u-eydXas Scopeds 
€7rtSovTa /cat tt]v are[Xeiav] rfj ttoXci 7rapacr^ovT[a] . KaXTrovpvia <f>pov- 
rcTva r) a8eX<prj. 

The public career of Cn. Cornelius Pulcher of Corinth, the 
friend of Plutarch to whom he dedicated his pamphlet., 7rais 
av rts V7J-' i\0pS)v d)</>eXoiTo, 84 is known from these two inscrip- 
tions. After holding several municipal and provincial offices 
he became imperial procurator of Epirus and then iuridicus of 
Egypt and Alexandria. 83 Frankel in his note on IG IV 795 is 
right in saying that this inscription was cut after 103, when 
Trajan was called Dacicus, and before 114, when he assumed 
Optimus. The fact that the full name of the emperor is writ- 
ten instead of simply Tpaiavrjwv seems to show at least that 
the inscription was cut during Trajan's lifetime. 86 Since it is 
probable that Pulcher held the procuratorship under Trajan be- 
fore 114, we may suppose that he held the office of iuridicus 
under the same emperor, 87 and later a priesthood under 
Hadrian, evidently toward the end of his life. 

26. [P.] 88 Prifernius Paetus Memmius Apollinaris 

IX 4753 (Reate) : [P.] Prifernio P. f. Qui. Paeto Memmio 
Apollinari IIII vir. iur. die, quinq., mag. IV, praef. coh. Ill 



Breuc, trib. leg. X Gem., praef. alae I Asturum, donis donato 
exped. Dae. ab Imp. Traiano hasta pura vexillo corona murali, 
proc. provinc. Sicil., proc. provinc. Lusitan., proc. XX her., 
proc. prov. Thrac., proc. prov. Noricae. P. Memmius P. f. Qui. 
Apollinaris patri piissimo. 

Ill 5179 (Noricum) : I. O. M. Surus & Memmi Apoll. 
proc. Aug. v- s. 1. m. 

We are not told in the inscription in which Dacian campaign 
Prifernius Paetus was given dona militaria, but even if it was 
in the first, the inscription must have been cut after the end of 
the second in 107. Therefore it seems probable that the second 
expedition is meant, as being more recent and thus perhaps not 
seeming to need designation. If this is so, Paetus began his 
procuratorial career in Sicily about 109 or no, 89 and became 
successively procurator of the province of Lusitania, of the 
vicesinm hereditatium-, of Thrace, and of Noricum. The in- 
scription was cut before Trajan's death, 90 and so these offices 
were held before 117. 

27. fQ. Rammius Martialis 

VI 222 (Rome) : C. Calpurnio Pisone M. Vettio Bolano cos., 
Q. Rammio Martiale pr(aefecto) - - - coh. quintae vig. (m) 

VI 221 (Rome) : C. Clodio Crispino cos., Q. Rammio Mar- 
tiale pr(aefecto) C. Maesio Tertio s(ub) pr(aefecto) L. Nu- 
merio Albano tr(iburuo) (sc. cohortis quintae vigilum). (113) 

Ox. Pap. VII 1023 1. 6 : vtzb KociVrot; 'Pa/x,/xt[o]v MapridXis T<p 
a (Itci) 'ASpcavov tov Kvpiov. (Before Aug. 29, 117) 

IGR I 1255 (Egypt) : irci Fafx/xiwu MapnaAi iTvapyiai Aiyw- 

tov - - - (erovs) ft AvTOKpaTopos KatVapos Tpaiavov 'A8piavov QapfiovQl 

Kif. (Apr. 23, 118) 

GieSSetl Pap. n. 43 1. 10: 'Tafi/JLLOV MapnaXts t[o]v KpaTtarov 
i^ye/xdvos - - - (eTous) y' AvTOKparopo^s Katcrapjos Tpaiavov 'A8pi[av]ov 
2e/3ao~ro0 . . . (H8-II9) 

BGU I I4O : HovttXlov AIXlov to y ' Kal 'Povcttlkov VTrdrois . . . irpiSie 
vovas Aovyovo-Tas - - - ewLcrTafxai 'Pdfxp,U p,ov. (Aug. 4, II9) 

Q. Rammius Martialis was praef ectus vigilum at least from 
in to 113. 91 The earliest date of his prefecture of Egypt 
known to us is from Ox. Pap. VII 1023, of the first year of 
Hadrian, i.e., between the eleventh and the twenty-eighth of 
August, 117. 92 The earliest date known previous to the dis- 
covery of this papyrus was April 23, 118, from IGR I 1255. 

12 



His predecessor, M. Rutilius Lupus, was in office on the fifth 
of January, 117; 93 therefore the change of prefects took 
place during the last months of Trajan's reign or the very 
first days of the reign of Hadrian. 94 The latest date which 
we know of his term is August 4, 119, from BGU I 140, re- 
vised reading. 95 

28. Virdius Gemellinus 

Plin. ad Traj. 27: Maximus libertus et procurator tuus, 
domine, praeter decern beneficiarios quos adsignari a me 
Gemellino, Optimo viro, iussisti sibi quoque confirmat neces- 
sarios esse milites - - -. 

lb. 28 (Traj. ad Plin.) : cum ad pristinum actum re- 

versus fuerit, sufficient illi duo a te dati milites et totidem a 
Virdio Gemellino, procuratore meo, quern adiuvat. 

lb. 84 (Traj. ad Plin.) : - - - adhibitis Virdio Gemellino 
et Epimacho, liberto meo, procuratoribus . 

Virdius Gemellinus was therefore procurator in Bithynia 
when Pliny 96 was legatus Augusti, between the years 111-113. 

29. C. Maesius Tertius 

VI 221 (Rome) : (see under no. 27). 

C. Maesius Tertius, subpraefectus vigilum in 113, is known 
only from this inscription. He is the earliest example of this 
officer. 

30. f M. Rutilius Lupus 

An unpublished Vienna papyrus of the month Phamenoth in 
the 17th year of Trajan (Feb.-Mch., 114), referred to by 
de Ricci in Proc. Bibl. Arch. 1902 p. 62. 

Cattaoni Pap. col. II {AP III [1906] p. 59 col. Ill) 1. 11: 

(erei) [i]rf Tpaiavov <£aai<£i ef386p.rj /cat eiKaSi Aovttos e?7rev. 

(Decision of Lupus.) (Oct. 24, 114) 
lb. col. Ill (AP III [1906] p. 59 col. IV) 1. I : (era) of Tpaia- 
vov Ilawi l AovVos ei7T€v. (June 4> H5) 

(Decision of Lupus.) 

IGR I I267 : €7rt Ma/3Kou 'FvtlXiov Aovwov eTrdpxov AiyvTrrov 

(* Tet ) $ AvTOKpa.Topo<i KatVapos Ncpoua Tpaiavov Ila^wv a . 

(Apr. 26, 116) 97 

BGU \ 114 COl. I 1. 2 : Aovttos eiW-ev k deov Tpaiavov Tt!/3t 

oWtjj. (Jan. 5, 117) 

M. Rutilius Lupus was therefore praefectus Aegypti at 

13 



least from March, 114 until January 5, 117. His predecessor, 
Sulpicius Similis, 98 was in office in no and Rammius 
Martialis" succeeded him by the middle of 117. 

31. *Felix Claudius Vindex 

Amherst Pap. II 70: ®t}\i.ki KAavSiwi OviVSiki twi KpaTiarwi 
cir[«TTp (aT^ywi)] irapa apxovrwv 'Ep/x,ov7roX(ca)s). tov Kpariurov yyt- 
ftovos 'PovTtA[iov A]ov?r(ov) KcAevcravTos . 

Felix Claudius Vindex 10 ° was epistrategus of the Hep- 
tanomis, 101 or Middle Egypt, since Hermupolis 102 lies in this 
section, at some time during the prefecture of Rutilius Lupus, 
i.e., between 114 and 117. 103 

32. fT. Haterius Nepos 

XI 5213 (Fulginium) : . . . [primipil]o praef f. cohjortis, 
trib. mili[tum, p]raef. equit., censito[ri] Brittonum Anavio- 
n[ens.], proc. Aug. Armeniae mai[or.], ludi magni, hereditatium 
et a censibus, a libellis Aug., praef. vigilum, praef. Aegypfti], 
M. Taminius Cri . . . 

Ill 39 (Thebes) : Anno V Hadriani imp. n., T. Hateriu[s] 
Nepos praef. Aeg. audit Memnonem XII K. Mart, hora is. 

(Feb. 18, 121) 

Corp. Rain. I p. 51 n. xviii 11. 2ff. : 'E£ AvaTrop.Trr)s 'Areptov 
[Nc7r]o)[T]os tov npa.TL<TTo[y i7y]e[/u,]dvos ctovs [o]ySoov AvTOKpdropos 
[Kai<rapo]s Tpaiavov 'A8pia[yo]v 2e^3[a]<rTOv $apfiov6l OKTWKaiScKaTy. 

(Apr. 13, 124) 

Borghesi, Opp. V pp. 25 fi\, rightly referred XI 5213 to T. 
Haterius Nepos. 104 Nepos was censitor of the Brittones of 
Anavio 10S about 1 14 or a little earlier, since he must have held 
the procuratorship of Armenia Maior between 114 and 117. 106 
He was praef ectus Aegypti as early as February, 121, and he 
therefore probably held the office of procurator ludi magni 10 " 1 
under Trajan and that of procurator hereditatium at the very 
beginning of Hadrian's reign. He then became a censibus and 
at the same time a libellis, probably about 119. 108 After being 
praef ectus vigilum he was praef ectus Aegypti at least from 
February 18, 121 109 to April 13, 124. 110 

33. D. Iulius Capito 

XII 1855 (Vienne) : . . . . trib. mil. leg. II Adiutricis, cen- 
sori civitatis Remor. foeder., proc. Imp. Nervae Traian. Caes. 

14 



Aug. Germ. Dacici Optimi provinc. Astur. et Callaec. conven- 
tus Asturum. L. d. d. d. 111 

XII 1869 (Vienne) : D. ltd. D. f. V[ol.] Capitoni flam, 
iuvent., Ill vir. [l]oc. public. per[seq.], [I] I vir. aera[r., au- 
gur.], praef. fa[b]r., trib. mil. [leg. II A]diu[t, c]en[sor. civ. 
Remor.] foederatae, Remi public. [L.] d. d. d. 

XII 1870 (Vienne) : D. ltd. D. fil. Vo[l.] Capiton[i fl]am. 
iuvent. Ill v[ir. loc. pu]blic. perseq. II v[ir. aer., au]guri, 
praef. fa[br., trib. m]ilit. leg. II Adiu[t, censor.] ci[vitatis 
Remor. foeder.] 

After holding several offices in his native town (Vienna, 
Gall. Narb.) and after a short military career, D. Iulius Capito 
became censor civitatis Remorum foederatae, 112 probably not 
long after 114. He held the procuratorship of Asturia and 
Callaecia 113 between 114 and 116, as it seems, for Trajan 
assumed the surname Optimus in 114 and was called Parthicus 
in 116. 

34. C. Camurius Clemens 

XI 5669 (Attidium) : C. Camurio C. f. Lem. Clementi praef. 
fabr. IIII, praef. i. d. Imper. Caes. Traiani Aug., praef. coh. 
VII Raet. equit., trib. mil. coh. II Ulpiae Petraeor. milliar. 
equit, praef. alae Petrianae milliar. c. R. bis torquatae, proc. 
Aug. ad Miniciam, proc. Aug. epistrategiae septem nomor. et 
Arsinoitae. Treienses patron, ob merita eius, deer. dec. publice. 

C. Camurius Clemens is known only from this inscription. 
He held two procuratorships under Trajan, 114 procurator 
Augusti ad Miniciam 115 and epistrategus of the Heptanomis, 
or Middle Egypt. 116 

35. fQ. Caecilius Redditus 

III 5163 (Celeia) : I. O. M. Antonius Maximus (bf.) Q. 
Caecili Redditi proc. Aug. v. s. 1. m. 

Ill S. Dipl. XCVIII p. 2212: cohort. I Britannicae 

(miliariae) c. R. cui praest Q. Caecilius Redditus. (105) 

Q. Caecilius Redditus, known from these two inscriptions, 
served as governing procurator of Noricum, probably during 
the reign of Trajan, since he was holding the first of his 
militiae equestres in 105. 117 

36. Ti. Iulius Alexander 

III S. 7130 (Ephesus) : Ti. Iulium C. [f.] Corn. Ale[xan]- 
drum, c. . . . trib. m[il. leg. Ill Cy]renaic[ae, praefe]ctum 

15 



eq. [alae. . • . ] Aug., pro[e. Imp. Nerjvae Tr[aiani Caesa]- 
ris Aug. . . . provin[ciae Crejtae . . . item [provin- 
ciae] Asia[e] . 

Ti Iulius Alexander is known only from this inscription. He 
was procurator under Trajan of Crete and then of Asia. 

37. fP- Acilius Attianus 

Vit. Had. 5. 5 : Tantum autem statim clementiae studium 
habuit [Hadrianus], ut cum sub primis imperii diebus ab 
Attiano per epistulas esset ammonitus, ut et Baebius Macer 
- - - necaretur et Laberius Maximus - - - neminem lae- 
deret. 

lb. 5. 9: Post haec Antiochia digressus est ad inspiciendas 
reliquias Traiani quas Attianus, Plotina et Matidia deferebant. 

Dio 69 • I '. x x 8 dAAa kol Kaura/aa avrov kcu avTOKparopa, tov Tpaiavov 
aVaiSos |U,€TaAA.a£a.vTos, o re 'ArTtavos, 7roX6T^s avrov &v, teal €7TiT/307ros 
yeyovws kol rj IIAwTtVa i£ epwrix^s <^>iAta9, ttXyjctlov re ovtcl kcu 8vra/«v 
TToWrjv e^ovra, aTreSet^av. 

Vit. Had. 9. 3-5 : Cum Attiani, praefecti sui et quondam 
tutoris, potentiam ferre non posset, nisus est eum obtruncare, 
sed revocatus est, quia iam quattuor consularium occisorum, 
quorum quidem necem in Attiani consilia refundebat, pre- 
mebatur invidia. Cui cum successorem dare non posset, quia 
non petebat, id egit, ut peteret atque, ubi primum petit, in 
Turbonem transtulit potestatem. 

lb. 8. 7 : Senatus fastigium in tantum extulit difficile faciens 
senatores, ut, cum Attianum ex praefecto praetorii ornamentis 
consularibus praeditum faceret senatorem, nihil se amplius 
habere, quod in eum conferri posset, ostenderit. 

Rom. Mitth. 18 (1903) pp. 63-7: P. Acilius Attianus praef. 
pr(aetorio) Herculi sancto d. d. 119 

The identity of P. Acilius Attianus, praefectus praetorio, 
of the inscription published by Littig and Hiilsen, with the 
Caelius Attianus 120 of the Vita Hadriani, praefectus praetorio 
under Hadrian, seems certain. 121 Attianus was prefect, with- 
out doubt, toward the end of Trajan's reign, for he was pres- 
ent during the last hours with Trajan and helped take his 
remains to Rome. 122 With Plotina he urged Hadrian to be- 
come emperor and at once began to give him advice. He was 
replaced by Marcius Turbo probably in the early part of 119, 

and was enrolled in the senate by Hadrian as a mark 
of honor. 123 

16 



38. T. Flavius Macer 

VIII 5351 (Numidia) : T. Flavio T. f. Quir. Macro, II vir. 
flamini perpetuo Ammaedarensium, praef. gentis Musula- 
miorum, curatori frumenti comparandi in annona[m] urbis 
facto a divo Nerva Traiano, proc. Aug. praediorum saltuum 
[Hip]ponensis et Thevestini, proc. Aug. provinciae Siliciae. 
Munici[pes] municipi- 

T. Flavius Macer, who is known only from this inscription, 
held office in his native town of Ammaedara, Numidia, and 
after service as praefectus gentis Musulamiorum, 124 which 
here stands in the place of the militiae equestres, he began his 
procuratorial service toward the end of Trajan's reign, as 
curator frumenti comparandi in annonam urbis, an extra- 
ordinary equestrian official. 1 ' 25 He then became procurator 
of the imperial domains about Hippo Regius and Theveste in 
Africa, 126 and imperial procurator of Sicily. 127 These two 
offices were held after Trajan's death, since in the inscription 
he is called divus. 

39- f[C.] 128 Iulius Priscus Gallonius Q. Marcius Turbo 
Fronto Publicius Severus 

Euseb. Hist. eccl. 4. 2 : ^81/ yovv tov avTOKpaTopos Tpaiavov cis 
iviavTov OKTaiKatSeKCLTOV iXavvovTO? avOis 'IouSaiW klvtjctls €7ravacrra<ra 
wdfAiroXv TrXrjdos avrtav SucfrOeipev. tv re yap 'AXe$av8pita /cat rfj \017rrj 

AlyvTTTw Kal irpocreTi Kara TLvprjvrjv wpp,r)VTO irpo'i tods (twoikovs 

"EW-qvas o-racrta^eiv. avirjaavr^ re eis /u.e'ya t^v <jto.<tw tw Ittlovti 

cvlclvtw 7roAeyu,ov ov <rp.LKpov avvrjij/av i<j> ovs 6 avTOKparoyp nrtp.ll/e 

MdpKiov Tovp{3<j)va. 

Vit. Had. 5. 8: Lusium Quietum sublatis gentibus Mauris 
quas regebat, quia suspectus imperio fuerat, exarmavit, Mar- 
cio Turbone Iudaeis compressis ad deprimendum tumultum 
Mauretaniae destinato. 

AE 191 1 n. 108 (Rapidum) : [I]ul. Priscus [G]allonius 
Fronto Marcius Turbo proc. Aug. 

Vit. Had. 6. 7 : Marcium Turbonem post Mauretaniam 
praefecturae infulis ornatum Pannoniae Daciaeque ad tempus 
praefecit. 

lb. 7. 3 : Unde statim Hadrianus Roman venit Dacia 

Turboni credita titulo Aegyptiacae praefecturae, quo plus 
auctoritatis haberet, ornato. 

Ill 1462 (Sarmizegetusa) : Q. Marcio Turboni Frontoni 
Publicio Severe praef. praet. Imp. Caesaris Traiani Hadriani 
Augusti p. p., colon. Ulp. Traian. Aug. Dacica Sarmizegetus. 

17 



Vit. Had. 9. 4: Cui [Attiano] cum successorem dare non 
posset, quia non petebat, id egit, ut peteret, atque ubi primum 
petit, in Turbonem transtulit potestatem; cum quidem etiam 
Simili alteri praefecto Septicium Clarum successorem dedit. 

Marcius Turbo was a friend of Hadrian on the Parthian 
expedition of Trajan. He is mentioned with Claudius Livi- 
anus, who had been praefectus praetorio. 129 In 117 130 he 
was sent by Trajan to put down the Jewish insurrection in 
Egypt, 131 but he had evidently not accomplished this when 
Hadrian became emperor. 132 Shortly after being proclaimed 
emperor in August, 117, Hadrian sent Turbo to Mauretania, 133 
as procurator Augusti, 134 to quell an uprising there. This 
was soon done, for early in 118, 135 Hadrian on his way to 
Rome through Dacia and Moesia named him as temporary gov- 
ernor of Pannoniai and Dacia, 136 with the rank of praefectus 
Aegypti, quo plus autoritatis haberet, but probably not the 
title, 137 in spite of the statement of Vit. Had. 7. 3. He seems to 
have held this office about a year, for in the early part of 
119, 138 apparently while still on the frontier, he was made 
praefectus praetorio and a memorial (III 1462) was erected 
in his honor by the colony of Sarmizegetusa. According to 
Dio 69. 18, Turbo seems to have been in office in 135. 139 This 
view is strengthened by the fact that in this year Fronto, born 
probably after 100, was at the height of his fame. Turbo 
seems to have been still living under Pius. 140 

40. *Flavius Philoxenus 

Unpublished Br em. Pap. in AP IV (1908) pp. 385 ff. : To the 
strategus Apollonios of 'A7roXXwvo7roXtT^s 'E-n-TaKwixias in the 
Thebais : 141 c£ em<rTo\rj<i <f>\aviov &i\o$€vov tov Kpariarov ktn<TTpaTrj- 
yov . (About Il8) 

This is the only mention of Flavius Philoxenus 142 who 
was epistrategus of the Thebais about 118. 

41. *L. Seius Avitus 

Bull, arch- du comite des travaux hist-, Proces-verbaux des 
seances 1913 p. CCXIX (Albulae, Mauretania Caes.) : Imp. 
Caesar divi Traiani Parthici fil., divi Nervae nepos, Traianus 
Hadrianus Au[g.] pontifex max., trib. pot. II, [cos.] Ill, 143 
praesidium Sufative 144 per coh. I Flavia. Musulamiorum 
factum sub cura L. Sei Aviti proc. Aug. (118) 

This is the only mention of L. Seius Avitus, procurator 
Augusti, the governor of Mauretania in 118. He seems to 
have been the successor in this office of Marcius Turbo. 145 

18 



42. *. . . Bassus 
Notizie degli scavi 1914 pp. 81 ff. (Liguria) : . . . 
M. f. Fal. Bassus [prae]f. coh. pr(imae) Antioch(ensium), 
[praef.] coh. pr(imae) Britton[um, pra]ef. alae Moesic(ae), 
[pro]c. Imp. Caes- Traia[ni] Hadriani Aug. ad XXXX Gall-, 
item ad censum agend. Ponto Bithyniae, espistrateg. Pelusio 
item Thebaidis, proc. provinciae Iudaeae, t(estamento) p(oni) 
i(ussit). 

Bassus, the son of Marcus, whose cursus is given in this 
inscription, cannot be identified with either of the other two 
known to us of the same cognomen, who were holding office 
at about this time. 146 His whole civil career must have fal- 
len during Hadrian's reign, for the official name of Judaea after 
Hadrian was Syria Palaestina. 147 Therefore Bassus held, 
toward the beginning of Hadrian's reign, the procuratorship 
ad quadragesimam Galliarum, after which he became pro- 
curator Augusti ad censum agendum in Pontus and Bithynia. 
He was then advanced to higher posts, first as epistrategus at 
Pelusium V48 in Lower Egypt, then as epistrategus of the 
Thebais, and finally he was appointed procurator of Judaea. 

43. C. Septicius Clarus 

Plin. Epp. 2. 9. 4 : Habet avunculum C. Septicium, quo nihil 
verius, nihil simplicius, nihil candidius, nihil fidelius novi. 149 

Vit. Had. 9. 5: (quoted under no. 39). 

lb 11. 2. 3: Ergo conversis regio more militibus Brittaniiam 
petit in qua multa correxit murumque per octoginta milia pas- 
suum primus duxit, qui barbaros Romanosque divideret. Sep- 
ticio Claro praefecto praetorii et Suetonio Tranquillo epistu- 
larum magistro multisque aliis, quod apud Sabinam uxorem in 
usu eius familiarius se tunc egerant, quam reverentia domus 
aulicae postulabat successores dedit. 

C. Septicius Clarus was made praef ectus praetorio with 
Marcius Turbo in the early part of 119. 150 He succeeded 
Sulpicius Similis. 151 He was removed from office with 
Suetonius probably while Hadrian was in Britain in 122. 152 

44. Dionysius Milesius 

PhilostratuS Vit. SOpk., I 22 : fxeydXwv fikv ovv tj&ovto [Ato- 
vvaiosj KaK Toiv 7ro\ea)v, 07ro(rai avrov eirl ao<f>ia iOav/xa^ov, /xeyLaTwv Sc 
in ^SatriXeoDS. ASptavos yap crar pairrjv fiiv avrov aTre<f>r)vev ovk a<f>avS>v 
idv&v, KaT€\e$€ 8k tois Srjfxoaia iinr(.vovo~i Kal Tots iv tw M.ovcrei(p (tctov- 
/Acvois. to oe Movaetov TpdVe^a Atyv7TTta, £vyi<a\ovo~a tovs iv 7rdarj Trj 
yrj iWoyifiovs. 

19 



Dionysius of Miletus, 153 the sophist, was honored in many 
cities, but especially by Hadrian, who enrolled him among the 
knights, made him procuratorial governor of some important 
province, and gave him membership in the Alexandrian Mu- 
seum. 154 Hadrian later sought to vex him 155 and honored 
his rivals, Celer 156 and Heliodorus. 157 

45. C. Suetonius Tranquillus 

Plin. Epp. 3.8: C. Plinius Suetonio Tranquillo suo s. Facis 
pro cetera reverentia, quam mihi praestas, quod tarn sollicite 
petis ut tribunatum, quern a Neratio Marcello, clarissimo viro 
impetravi tibi, in Caesennium Silvanum, propinquum tuum, 
transferam. ( I01 ) 

Vit. Had. 11. 2. 3: (quoted under no. 43). 

The only office of Suetonius 15 ' 8 of which we know, and 
doubtless the only one he held, is that of imperial (Latin) 
secretary (epistularum magister) 159 under Hadrian. He did 
not hoLd the militiae equestres under Trajan so as to qualify 
for office, as may be gathered from Plin. Epp. 3. 8. He was 
appointed ab epistulis about 119, probably through the in- 
fluence 160 of his patron, Septicius Clarus, to whom, while 
praefectus praetorio, Suetonius dedicated his Lives of the 
Caesars. 161 He was removed from office along with Clarus, 
evidently while Hadrian was in Britain, i.e., about 122. 162 

46. Celer 

PhilostratUS Vit. SOph. II 22 : 6 8« Ke'Aeo fSao-ikiK&v ft.lv iirio-TO- 
Awv dya0os Trpo(TTaT7]<i, fieXerrj Se ovk airo^pwv, Alovvctlw Sc tov €K 
[xtipaKiov ^povov 8td(j)opo<;. 

Aristides Or. XXVI (ed. Dindorf, p. 519) : Plato in a dream 
appears to Aristides and asks 7roTos ns,' i<prj, o-ol </mu'vo/z(u ei? 

<7rtoToAas ; p.r] (pavXoTtpo 1 ; tov KeXepos ; tov ypap-pxiTta Brj Xeywv tov 
f3aaiXiKov. 

Celer was a contemporary of Dionysius of Miletus 163 and, 
therefore, probably ab epistulis (Graecis) under Hadrian 164 

47. (Mestrius) Plutarchus 

CFG 1713 • AtiTOK/aaropa KcuVaoa Toaiavov 'ASptavbv 2e/?ao"rov. 

to kolvov tS>v Ap.(jiLKTv6vo)v iiri.fxtXrjT€vovTO<; airb AeX^aiv Mco-Tptou 
UXovrdp^ov tov tepews. 

Syncellus, p. 659. 13 Bonn (in Pros. Ill p. 56) : UXovrapxa 
Xatocovevs <£i\oo"o<£os iiriTpoirtvt.iv 'EAAdSos virb tov avTOKpaTopos 
[A8oiavo9] KaTeo-TaBr/ yrjpaXos. 

20 



If the inscription refers to Plutarch, the writer, his nomen 
was Mestrius, a name which he may have received from his 
friend, Mestrius Floras. 165 It has been assumed from the re- 
mark of Syncellus that Plutarch, in the later years of his life, 
about 1 17-120, became procurator of Achaia. 166 Some doubt 
seems to attach to the assumption, considering the character 
of Plutarch and what he said about accepting office under the 
Romans. 167 The statement of Suidas, that Trajan gave 
Plutarch consular honors, is without foundation. 168 

48. fL. Baebius Iuncinus 

X 6976 (Messana) : L. Baebius L. f. Gal. Iuncinus, praef. 
fabr., praef., coh. IIII Raetorum, trib. milit. leg. XXII Deio- 
tarianae, praef., alae Astyrum, praef. vehiculorum, iuridicus 
Aegypti. 

L. Baebius Iuncinus seems to be the earliest known incum- 
bent of the praef ectura vehiculorum, an office which he prob- 
ably held in the early part of Hadrian's reign. 169 He after- 
ward became iuridicus Aegypti. 110 

49. T. Eppius Latinus 

III 3925 (Neviodunum, Pann. sup.) : T. Eppio T. f. Quir 
Latino II viro iur. die. munic(ipii) Latob(icorum), proc. 
Im[p. Caes]aris Traian[i Hadria]ni [Aug.] ad c[ensus 
a]cc[ipiend(os)] . . . proc. IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae) p. 
d. d. 

T. Eppius Latinus, who is known only from this inscription, 
was procurator ad census accipiendos in some province under 
Hadrian, 171 and after holding several offices unknown to us 
became procurator quattuor publicorum Africae. 

50. Eudaemon 

III 431 (Ephesus) : . . . proc. [Imp.] Caesaris Tra(ia)ni 
Hadriani [Aug.] ad dioecesin Alexandr., [p]roc. bibliothecar. 
Graec. et Latin., ab epist. Graec, proc. Lye. Pamp. Galat. 
Paphl. Pisid. Pont, proc. heredit. et proc. pro[vin]ciae Asiae, 
proc. Syriae. Hermes Aug. lib. adiut. eius h. c. 

IGR III 1077 (Egypt) : [17 ftovXr) ko]l 6 8r/fio<; . . . ip-ovi, iiri- 
TpoTrct) [AiiTOKpaTopos Kjcuo-apos TpatavoS ['ASpiai/oi) 2e/3a<r]Tov iirl 
SioiKrjacws ['AAe^avSpeias, tTrJiTpoTra) ^i[/3]Ato^Koi[v pwfiaiKWV re ko.1 
e\]\r)VLKS)v, iirl eiriaToXuv £XXr)vii<5>v, e7r[iTpd7r(i> i-jrapx^v Av/aas 
na^i/jAias FaXaTtas [Ilco-iStas TIovtov Hacf)Xa]yovia<; AvKa[o]via[<;, 
€7riTpo7ra) kXt)]povoixl(j)v [kou C7rtT/oo7ra)] iirapx^o.<i 'Ao-ta?, 67rtTp[o7ra) 
Svptas, C7T6Tjoo7ra) €7raj0^e]tas . . . «7rn-[po7ra> . . . 



Eudaemon (as Hirschfeld 172 has restored the name), the 
friend of Hadrian, was first appointed procurator Augusti ad 
dioecesin Alexandreae. In this office he probably had charge 
of the finances of the district of Alexandria, or of the whole 
province under the prefect. 173 He was then placed in charge 
of the Greek and Latin libraries at Rome. 174 After this he be- 
came imperial Greek secretary (ab epistulis Graecis), procu- 
rator of Lycia, Pamphylia, Galatia, Paphlagonia, Pisidia, Pontus 
and Lycaonia, procurator hereditatium, procurator of Asia, 
then of Syria, and, finally, as far as we have evidence, of two 
provinces of which we do not know the names. We do not 
know whether he held all these positions under Hadrian, but 
from Vit. Had. 15. 3 we should infer that he did. 175 

51. M. Petronius Sura 

XV 7309 a (Rome) : Imp. Caes. Traian. Hadrian. Aug. sub 
cur. Petron. Surae proc. Aug. CI. Felix fee. . 

XV 7309 /3 (Rome) : Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadriani Aug. sub 
cur. Petron. Surae proc. Aug. CI. Felix fee. . 

These inscriptions are found on pieces of lead pipe and we 
therefore infer that M. Petronius Sura was procurator aqua- 
rum 176 under Hadrian. He was the father of M. Petronius 
Mamertinus, praefectus Aegypti, praefectus praetorio, who 
served under Hadrian and Pius. 177 

52. flulius Fronto 

Jahreshefte 2 (1899) pp. 151 ff. : [Imp. Caes. divi Traiani 
Parthici f., divi Nervae nepos, T]raia[nus Hadrianus Au]- 
g[ustus pjontifex m[aximus, tribun]ic. potestat. Ill, co[s- III, 
p. p. 178 ii]s qui militaverunt i[n classe praet] Misenensi quae 
est s[ub Iulio Front] one - - - . ( ll 9) 

III p. 875 Dipl. XXXII: Imp. Caesar Traianus 

Hadrianus Aug. - - - iis qui militaverunt in classe praetoria 
Misenensi quae est sub Iulio Frontone - - - . a. d. XII K. 
Mart. P. Iuventio Celso II Q. Iulio Balbo cos. 

(Feb. 18, 129) 

Iulius Fronto was prefect of the praetorian fleet stationed at 
Misenum in 129. If the name has been correctly restored by 
Tocilesco in the first diploma given above, he was in the 
same office in 119. 179 The name is not at all certain since only 
the letters . • . one remain. 



53- M. Calpurnius Seneca Fabius Turpio Sentinatianus 

II 1 178 (Baetica) : M. Calpurnio M. f. Gal. Senecae Fabio 
Turpioni Sentinatiano praef. classis Misenensis, praef. classis 
praetoriae Ravennatis, proc. provinciae Lusitaniae et Vettoniae, 
p. p. leg. I Adiutricis, ordo c. c. R. M. Calpurnius Seneca 
honore usus impensam remisit. 180 

III Dipl. XXXV: iis qui militaverunt in classe prae- 

toria Misenensi, quae est sub Calpurnio Seneca a. d. 

XVII K. Oc. P. Licinio Pansa L. Attio Macrone cos. 

(Sept. 15, 134) 

M. Calpurnius Seneca was procurator of the province of 
Lusitania and Vettonia, probably under Hadrian. 181 He then 
became prefect of the fleet at Ravenna and was advanced to 
the prefecture of the fleet at Misenum, probably about 129, 
for at this time Iulius Fronto seems to have been in that office 
ten years. 182 Seneca was holding the office in 134. 

54. *Marcius Moesius 

AP II (1903) p. 440 n. 49 (Alexandria) : ['Av]rtypa^>ov vtto- 

tLvqiAO.Ti<Tfiwv MapKiov Moi<ri[. . . t8i] a> Ao'yw (Zrei) e' 'ASpiavov KatVapofs 
tov k~]v P lov ®h>9 k. (Sept. 17, 120) 

Marcius Moesius (not Moesianus), 183 who is not mentioned 
elsewhere, was idiologus of Egypt in 120. 

55. fC. Avidius Heliodorus 

DiO 69. 3 : O T€ AtOVUO-lOS TTpOS TOV ' AoVlBlOV 'RXloSwpOV TOV TO.S 

CTrio-ToAas avrov ['ASpiavov] SiayaydvTa eiTreiv AeyeTai " on Kaiaap 
XPW aTa ^ v °" ot KaL Tl M v Sowai 8wa,T<u, p-qropa Se ere Troirjcrac ov 
Suvarat." 

DiO 71. 22 : TrXyv ko.6' oaov 'HAioStooou tivos, dya7rr;Ta)S eis ttjv t^s 
AlyvxTov rjy€p.oviav i$ i/xireipia<; pr)Topu<r)<; 7rpox^pV°' avTO ' s v ' i0<: V v - 

Ox. Pap. Ill 484 1. 20 : 6 KpaT«rros rjytpMV 'AutSios 'HAid- 

S^pos (ctous) up Ai>To[K ]aropos Kaurapos Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov 

2ePao-Tov Me X «P / • (J an - 28 ' I38 ) 

IGR I I264 (Egypt) : hn 'AowSiov 'KXioSwpov iirdpxov 

AlyvvTov erovs [toi] tov AvTOKpaTopos KatVapos Tltov AiXiov 

'ASpiavov 'Avrioveivov %tfiao-Tov Eiicre^Qovs Meaopr] oKTOKaiSeKar^i. 

(Aug. 11, 140) 184 

BGU I 113 1. I : 'E/c to/xov iTTiKpio-twv Yaiov 'AoviSlov 'HAioSwpov 
ycvop,£vov r/yepdvos - - - irpbs iiriK P ur[iv] Taiov 'AoviSiov "tiXio8wpov 
i[vdpx<n> A!y]wrr[o]i) Airo tJ/s irp[o] le KaXavSwv M[apTio>> tJti[s 

23 



€<tt]i [to]u [Mje^ftp V Ka «[xP l T ]^s 7r[po i£' KaXavStov IovjviW, [^n]s 
icrrlv p,[r]v6s IIa^((bv] Ka rov €veo"TaJT05 y V AvTOKpdropos [Kaionpos 
TjiVov AiAi[ov 'AS/aiavoO > Aj/Jtwv£[iV]ov 2e/?acrT0i) Eixre/Joiis . 

(Feb. 15-May 16, 141) 185 

C. Avidius Heliodorus, 186 the rhetorician from Syria, 187 
held the office of ab epistulis (Graecis) in the early years of 
Hadrian's reign, about 120-122. 188 He was promoted during 
the last years of Hadrian to the prefecture of Egypt, his 
predecessor being M. Petronius Mamertinus, who was 
still in office February 13, 135. 189 The earliest known date 
at which Heliodorus held this position is January 28, 138, 
and he still held it May 16, 14 1. 190 His successor was 
Valerius Eudaemon, who took up his duties by the middle 
of 142. 191 

56. Iulius Pardalas 

BGU I 250 1. 19 '• [a.7rJo yap tov t, V 'ASpiavov tov Kvpiov 'lovXiov 
TlapSaXav tov yevo/x[e]vov 7rpos tu l8ito [A]oycj> . (122—123) 

This is the only mention of Iulius Pardalas, who was idioio- 
gus of Egypt in 122-123. 

57. L. Iulius Vestinus 

IGR I 136 (Rome) : 'Ap-^iepel 'AAe^avSpeias kcu AlyvnTov Trao"qs 

AeVKLWL lovXlWL OvfjO'TLVOil KO.I €Tn<TTaTr]L TOV M.OVCTCLOV KCU 67TI TWV Iv 

Voifx-qt /3i(3\io6r}i<C)v Pw/xcukwv re Kat EAA^vikwv Kal iirl rfjs iraiheias 
ASpiavov rov avTOKparopos Kat i-maToXa, tov clvtov airoKparopos . . . 

The career of L. Iulius Vestinus began without the militiae 
equestres. He was in the first place president of the Alexan- 
drian Museum and, probably at the same time, 192 high priest of 
Alexandria 193 and of all Egypt. He was then advanced to 
the position of head librarian of the Greek and Roman libraries 
at Rome, after which he became a studiis ( enl Tr}<; 7rai8e«xs), 
and finally imperial (Greek) secretary ( cVio-ToAei ). He 
seems to have held all these offices under Hadrian, although 
the emperor's name is added only to the last two. 194 . 

58. Hesperus 

IGR IV 571 (Asia.) = CfL III 355 and 14191 1 : 'AoduW 

KoviiJtos Al£ao~€iTwv ap^ovcn fiovXfji Si^awi -^aipuv eVe'crTeiAa 8« 

'EcrTrepw raj iiriTpoTTOi tov 2e/?aa-Tov - - - . Exempl(ar) epistulae 

Quieti scriptae ad Hesperum. Exemplar epistulae scriptae 

Quieto ab Hespero. 

24 



Avidius Quietus was proconsul of Asia about 125-6. 195 
Hesperus was procurator Augusti in Asia at this time. 

59. * Iulius Maximianus 

Pap. Rainer 135 (Wessely, Karanis und Sok. p. 66) : a peti- 
tion addressed to the epistrategus Iulius Maximianus. 196 

Pap. Cattaoui verso col. II 2 (AP III [1906] p. 63) : 'lovXiw 

M.a£i[uav<S tw yevo/u,[€]vu> 8iko.io86ty) . ( I 39) 19 " 

The reference in these two papyri may well be to the same 
Iulius Maximianus. 198 The position of epistrategus was lower 
than that of iuridicus. Maximianus was therefore epistrategus 
of the Heptanomis before 139, and, since we already know of 
five epistrategi of this section between 127 and 139, it is prob- 
able that he held the office not long before 127. 

60. fT. Fl(avius) Titianus 

III 41 (Thebes) : T. Fl. Titianus praef. Aeg. audit Mem- 
nonem XIII K. April. Vero III et Ambibulo cos. bora I. 

(Mch. 20, 126) 

Hamburg. Pap. I n. 7 H. 5 ff . : a7roypd<f>OfJxu Kara to. v[tt]o Tltov 

<&\[clovlo]v Tiriavov tov Kpo.Tio~Tov ^ye//idv[os ii\poo-TtTa.yi*\_(i\va. . 

("Etous) 1?' [AvrJo/cpaTopos KatVapos Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov 2e/3a[(rro]i). 

'Eirelcp c'. (June 30, 132) 

T. Flavius Titianus was praef ectus Aegypti at least from 
March 20, 126 to June 30, 132. 199 He took up office after 
April 13, 124, the latest known date of T. Haterius Nepos as 
praefectus Aegypti, 200 and he was succeeded by M. Petronius 
Mamertinus before November 11, 133. 201 We know nothing 
of his lower offices. 

61. *Claudius Quintianus 

Ox. Pap. Ill 486 1. 5 : e8d<f>rj 7rapa tov 7raT/oos avT[o]v en a7ro 

tov ia' (erovs) 'Aopiav[o{)] tov Kvpiov aKovcras KAawSio? Kuivnavos 

[6 yev6p.e]vos eVioTjOaTiryos '""['J KAavSiau KoivT[i]avo{) tov yevo- 

fiivov imcrTpa.Tr}yov [tcov] E7rra vo/xaiv . ( 1 26-7) 

This is the only mention of Claudius Quintianus. He was 
epistrategus of the Heptanomis shortly after 126-7, an d before 
October 9, the date of the papyrus. 

62. Pompeius Severus 

Bull. COW. hell. II (1887) p. IIO: AvTOKpdrwp Kaiaap 

Tpaiavos 'ASpiavos 2«/3aoros e£o[v<riJas t(o) ta' A8piavo[iroA]et- 

25 



TU)V 2,Tpa.T0V€LK€[ui]v TOIS ap^[ou](Tt KOI TTjL ftovXrJL KO.L TU)l BrjfMDl 

X a 'P ei M Ka ' ra ^' iiTLTpoTroiL fjiov [TLo]pLTrr]iwi. Scou [77/3(01]. (127) 

This letter of Hadrian to the people of Stratonice, probably 
in Lydia, 202 gives us the name of Pompeius Severus, procura- 
tor of Asia in 127. 

63. *Bassus 

Ox. Pap. II 237 VII 1. 20 (p. 160) : ctovs ifl Oeov 'ABpta- 

vov TLavvi 7)' tov £iri<TT paTTjyov Boto-crov . (June 2, 128) 

The reference is to an appearance before Bassus 203 at some 
time previous to 128. As Oxyrhynchus lies in the Heptanomis, 
we infer that Bassus was epistrategus of this division of Egypt. 

64. L. Numerius Albanus 

VI 221 (Rome) : (quoted under no. 27). 

X 7854 = 111 Dipl. XLIV (XXXI) (Sardinia):--- 
iis qui militant in classe praetoria Ravennate quae est sub 

Numerio Albano a. d. V Id. Oct. L. Aemilio Iunco Sex. 

Iulio Severo cos. (Oct. 11, 127) 

L. Numerius Albanus was prefect of the praetorian fleet at 
Ravenna in 127. He was probably the same man as the trib- 
une of VI 221, and from this inscription we know his 
praenomen. 204 

65. Caelius Florus 

IGR III 739 205 (Lycia) col. Ill 1. 10: Kat'Aios ^Awpos kiri 

T/0O7TOS tov 2e/3aoroij Mvpewv rfj ftovXrj xat'/seiv ■ * 7r ' dp^ttpcos 

Aovkiov Ovi/3r)pe [ivou] Kat'Aios <fr[Ato/>os e?TiT/307ros tov Sc/jWt] ov 

XwfiaTe'fcov fiovXrj Sr/uw ^at'peiv]. (^7) 

lb. Col. IV : Kat'Aios $A(0/oos , 0'rrpap.6[a\ 'A7roAAa>v[t'ov AvS/ot] 

TClUtCOTOtTCj) XpLipeiV KCU Sr)p.0aL(J. [7T/30S T7?v] 7ToAlV ip,S)V €7T£0-TaAKa, 0)5 

t[o.] dvay/<[a]tdTaTa eis ttjv €VTv^(€0-TaTiqv tov [KJvplov rjp,wv iirdvoSov 
croiuacrao-^at .2 6 (l2o) 

Caelius Florus was procurator Augusti of Lycia and Pam- 
phylia 207 in 127-8. 

66. M. Vettius Latro 

VIII 8369 (Igilgili, Mauret. Caes.) : Termini positi inter 
Igilgilitanos in quorum finibus kastellum Victoriae positum 
est, et Zimiz(es), ut sciant Zimizes non plus in usum se habe- 

26 



r(e), ex auctoritate M. Vetti Latronis proc. Aug. qua(m) in 
circuitu a muro kast(elli) p(edes) D pr(ovinciae) LXXXIX. 
Torquato et Libone cos. (128) 

M. Vettius Latro was governing procurator of Mauretania 
Caesariensis in 128, at about the time of Hadrian's second 
visit to the province. 208 

67. T. Pontius Sabinus 

X 5829 (Ferentinum) in postica: T. Pontius T. f. Pal. Sa- 
binus praef. coh. I Pann. et Dalmat. eq. c. R., trib., mil. leg. VI 
Ferrat, donis donatus expeditione Parthica a divo Traiano 
hasta pura vexillo corona murali, J leg. XXII Primig., J leg. 
XIII Gemin., primus pilus leg. Ill Aug., praepositus vexilla- 
tionibus milliaris tribus expeditione Brittanica leg. VII Gemin., 
VIII Aug., XXII Primig., trib. coh. Ill vig. coh. XIIII urb. 
coh. II praet., p. p. II, proc. provinc. Narbonens., IIII vir i. d., 
quinq., flamen, patron, municipi. 

T. Pontius Sabinus was procurator of Narbonensis under 
Hadrian, probably toward the middle of his reign, since he 
served in the army several years after the expedition in 
Britain. 209 

68. M. Maenius Agrippa L. Tusidius Campester 

VII 379 (Britain) : I. O. M. coh. I His. cui prae. M. Maenius 
Agrip. tribu. pos. 

XI 5632 (Camerinum) : M. Maenio C. f. Cor. Agrippae L. 
Tusidio Campestri hospiti divi Hadriani, patri senatoris, praef. 
coh. II Fl. Britton. 210 equitat., electo a divo Hadriano et misso 
in expeditionem Brittannicam, trib. coh. I Hispanor. equitat, 
praef. alae I Gallor. et Pannonior. Catafractatae, proc. Aug., 
praef. classis Brittannicae, proc. provinciae Brittanniae, equo 
publico . 

Maenius Agrippa seems to have been sent to Britain among 
the leaders of the expedition of Hadrian in 122, when the wall 
was built across the island. 211 During his stay there the in- 
scription VII 379 was erected, while he was praef ectus 
cohortis primae Hispanorum. After this he was praef ectus 
alae, so that his first civil position, an imperial procuratorship, 
the nature of which we do not know, must have been held about 
128 or 130. Agrippa became afterward prefect of the British 
fleet and, probably toward the end of Hadrian's reign, proc- 
urator of the province of Britain. He may have continued in 
this office during the first years of Pius, for in XI 5632 
Hadrian is called divus. 

27 



69. Plautius Caesianus 

III S. Dipl. XLVI (= XXXIII) : Imp. Caesar 

Traianus Hadrianus Aug. equitib. et peditib. qui milita- 

ver. - - - et sunt in Dacia inferiore sub Plautio Caesiano 

a. d. XI K. April. P. Iuventio Celso II Q. Iulio Balbo cos. 

(Mch. 22, 129) 

III 5177 (Celeia, Noricum) : I. O. M. . . . uconius 
[p]rimus & Plauti Caesiani proc. Aug. v. s. 1. m. 

Plautius Caesianus has been regarded as a legatus Au- 
gusti 212 of Lower Dacia, but he seems rather to have been an 
imperial procurator acting as a semi-independent governor of 
this section. 213 The above diploma contains the first mention 
of the divided province, 214 and in 137-8, 215 and again in 
140, 216 a procurator Augusti governed this part. It seems 
very improbable that soon after the division a legatus should be 
governor and within a few years a procurator. The more 
natural thing to expect would be, that, for a time following the 
division, a procurator dependent on the legatus of all Dacia 217 
would be in charge, since under Marcus there were three 
divisions, each with a procurator, and all subordinate to the 
legatus Augusti pro praetor e trium Daciarum of consular 
rank. 2is Platius Caesianus was without doubt identical 
with the procurator Augusti of Noricum (III 5177) who held 
office before Marcus 219 and very probably under Pius or a 
little earlier. 220 

70. *Iulius Varianus 

Ox, Pap. Ill 4^6 1. I : 'lovXito Ovapiavu €7ri<TTpaT^ya> 'Ettt[o 
vjo/xwv koll 'Apcrivoei [rov (erov?) it ASpiavov KaiVapos <&aw<pi l/3 . 

(Oct. 9, 131) 

This is the only mention of Iulius Varianus, epistrategus of 
the Heptanomis in 131. 

71. Sex. Cornelius Dexter 

VIII 8934 (Saldae) : Sex. Cornelio Sex. f. Arn. Dextro 
proc. Asiae, iuridico Alexandreae, proc. Neaspoleos et Mauso- 
lei, praef . classis Syr., donis militaribus donato a divo Hadriano 
ob bellum Iudaicum hasta pura et vexillo, praef. alae I Aug. 
Gem. cok»norum, trib. leg. VIII Aug., praef. coh. V Raetorum, 
praef. fabrum III, patrono coloniae . 221 

After holding the militiae equestres, Sex. Cornelius Dexter 
became praef ectus classis Syriacae, a position which he held 

28 



during the Jewish war (132-135), as is shown by the state- 
ment that he received dona militaria for distinction in this 
war, evidently while commander of the fleet. 222 He then be- 
came procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei 223 at Alexandria in 
the last years of Hadrian, and iuridicus of Alexandria prob- 
ably in the first years of Antoninus Pius. 224 From this posi- 
tion he was advanced to the procuratorship of Asia. 

72. Minicius Sanctus 

Ann. mst. arch. 42 (1870) p. 173 n. 4: sub cura Minici 
Sancti proc. Aug. pr. Crescente lib. n. XLIL Augurin. cos. 
L. CXXCVI R. (132) 

lb. n. 5 : sub cura Minici Sa . . . pr. Crescente lib. ni. 

The procurator es marmorum were usually freedmen, 225 but 
under Hadrian, we have the name of Minicius Sanctus, who 
was a knight. The inscriptions were found in Rome on 
blocks of Cipollino marble which came from Carystus, Euboea. 

73. *Paconius Felix 

Ox. Pap. II 237 VII 1. 29 : e| V7TOfJL [vT]fMTl(r] fX,S>V HdKWVlOV 

$t/)\i.kos €TncrTpaTr}yov. (trow;) it] Oeov 'ABpiavov, <&au><£i i£' iv rrj vapa 
avw ^e/3evvvTOv. (Oct. 1 4, 1 3 3) 

This document alone mentions Paconius Felix, who was 
epistrategus of the Delta, or Lower Egypt, 226 in 133. 

74. L. Aufidius Panthera 

III S. Dipl. XLVII: VI Non. Iul. Q. Flavio Tertullo Q. 
Iunio Rustico cos. alae I Ulpiae contar(iorum miliariae) cui 
praest L. Aufidius Panthera Sassin(a). (July 2, 133) 

VII 18 (Britain) : . . . Nep]tu[no] aram C(?) Aufidiu[s] 
Pantera praefect. clas. Brit. . . . 

These two inscriptions are probably to be referred to the 
same man. 227 If so, since he was praefectus alae in 133, he 
without doubt held the prefecture of the fleet in Britain dur- 
ing the last years of Hadrian's reign. 

75. fM. Petronius Mamertinus 

Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 1. 43 • *£ virop.vr)fxaTicrp,<i)v ILcTpwvhv 

Ma/xc/orctvou. (Itovs) ir)"A8p (iavov) 'Advp ie'. (Nov. II, 1 33) 

III 44 (Thebes) : [Se]x. Petronius Mamertinus praef. Aeg. 
audi Memnon. VI Idus Martias Serviano III et Vero c[o]s. 
Hora dies ante primam (sic). (Mch. 10, 134) 

29 



Fayum Towns XXI 1. I : MapKos IleTpdmos Ma/xepTtvos €7rapxos 

AlyvTrTov A[e]y«. (Itovs) irf AvTOKpaVopos Kaio-apos Tpaiavov 

'Aopiavov 2e/?ao-TOV <&ap,£va>0 kc'. (Mch. 22, 1 34) 

BGU I IQ : 'E£ avaTTOfnrrjs ILerpwvLOv Map,[epT]€tvov iTrapypv Alyvrr- 
rov V 10' 'ASpiavov Kaio-apos tov xvpiov Me^elp u£ . (Feb. II, I 35) 

Ox. Pap. IX 1 195 !• I : 'AiroAAwiau Kpirr^i 8o9cvti vtto IleTpa)- 

vcov MapcpTCi'vov tov Kpariarov ^ytpovos (ctovs) evaK[a(SeK]aTov 

AvTOKpdropos Kaiaapos Tpaiavov ASpiavov 2e/3acrT0v Me^etp evi/a/catSc- 
k<m> (Feb. 13, 135) 

£«//. com-. 1886 p. 98 n. 1 139 (Rome) : Imp. Antonino 

Aug. II et [B]rutti[o] Praesente II cos. K. M[ar]t. sub 

Petronio Mame[r]tino et Gavio Maximo p[r. pra]et. . 

(139) 

Bull. com. 1885 p. 153 n. 1078 (Rome) : Torquato et 

Herode cos. Idib. Mart, sub Petronio Mamertino et Gavio 
Maximo pr. pr. . (143) 

Of the lower offices of M. Petronius Mamertinus, 228 we 
know nothing. He was made praefectus Aegypti between 
June 30, 132, the latest known date of the prefecture of 
Titianus, 229 and November 11, 133. He held office until 
some time between February 13, 135 and the first of 138, when 
he was succeeded by C. Avidius Heliodorus. 230 The earliest 
known date of his praetorian prefecture is March 1, 139, but 
he was probably advanced to this position soon after his pre- 
fecture of Egypt. In 143 he was still serving as praefectus 
praetorio with Gavius Maximus. He seems to have died in 
office, for long afterward Gavius was still prefect alone. 231 

76. Q. Marcius Hermogenes 

III 43 (Thebes) : Q. Marcius Hermogenes praef. classis 
Aug. 232 Alex, audit Memnonem hora is Nonis Martis Ser- 
viano III et Varo cos. (Mch. 7, 134) 

From III 43, an inscription on the statue of Memnon in 
Thebes, we know that in 134 Q. Marcius Hermogenes 233 was 
prefect of the imperial fleet stationed at Alexandria. 

77. tGellius Bassus 

Ox. Pap. IV J2& '. Itovs ivvea kol SckoVov AvTOKpaVopos Kaicrapos 

Tpa[i]avov ASptavov 2c/3ao-Tov T€/?[i . . .] iir( tc tov KparicrTov 

r}yep.[o]vo<; JlerpwvLOv [Map.]epT€iVov ko.1 tov c7rto-TpaT^[yo]v rcAAibv 
Ba[o-]o-ov. (Dec. 134-Jan. 135) 

30 



BGU\ 19 (Fayum) COl. II 1. 2 : TeXXiov Bdcraov tov K/oaTi'cr- 

tov iirKTTpaTyjyov a.Tr6<f>a(Tiv k€K/oikotos V i& AvTOKpdropos Katcrapos 

Tpaiavov 'ASpiavov %(.fiacrTov Me^elp iS'. (Feb. 8, 135) 

From these papyri we know that Gellius Bassus was epistra- 
tegus of the Heptanomis 234 in 134-5. He cannot be identified 
with the Bassus of Ox. Pap. II 237 of the year 128, for there 
were other epistrategi of the region between these dates. 235 

78. flulius Fidus Aquila 

IGR\ 1 141 (Antinoupolis) : 'Avtivooh 'E7ri<£aveT <MSos 'A/cvAas 
c7r«TT/oaT?jyos ©^/SaiSos. (Not before 130) 236 

III 45 (Thebes) : Horam cum primam cumque horam sole 
secundam prolata oceano luminat alma dies vox audita mihi 
est ter bene Memnonia . . . uila [epistr]ategus Thebaidos 
fecit cum audit Memnonem XI K. Iun. Serviano III cos. 
cum Asidonia Galla uxore. (May 22, 134) 

III S. 13796 ( Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. Tito Aelio Hadriano 
Antonino Aug. Pio trib. potes. Ill cos. Ill castra n. burg, et 
Vered. quod ancuste tenderet duplicato valli pede et in positis 
turribus ampliavit per Aquilam Fidum proc. Aug. (14°) 

Iulius Fidus Aquila was epistrategus of the Thebais in 134, 
as we see from III 45, which doubtless refers to him. 237 He 
took office some time after 130, for the dedication to the deified 
Antinoos could not have been made before this date. Aquila 
was procurator of Lower Dacia in 140. He was probably a 
governing procurator, dependent to some extent at least on 
the legatus of all Dacia. 238 

79. M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus 

VI 1523 (Rome) : [M. Stati]o M. f. CI. Prisco [L]icinio Ita- 
lico leg. Augustorum pr. pr. prov. Cappadociae, leg. Aug[g.] pr. 
pr. prov. Brittanniae, leg. Aug[g.] pr. pr. prov. Moesiae super., 
curato[ri] alvei Tiberis et clacarum {sic vidatur) urbis, c[os.], 
leg. Aug. prov. Daciae, leg. leg. XIII G. p. f., leg. leg. [X]III 
Gem. Martiae Victricis, sacerdoti Titiali [Fljaviali, pr. inter 
cives et peregrines, tr. pi., quaes [t], proc. Aug. XX hereditatium 
prov. Narbones, et Aquita[n., p]r. eq. alae I pr. c. R., trib. 
mil. leg. I Adiutr. p. f. et leg. X G. p. [f.] et leg. [Ill] Gallicae, 
praef. coh. IIII Lingonum, vexillo mi[l. djonato a divo Ha- 
driano in expeditione Iudaic[a]. Q. .Cassius Domitius Palum- 
bus. 

At the time of the Jewish war (132-135), the cohors IIII 
Lingonum was in Britain, 239 the legio III Gallica, in Syria, 240 

31 



the legio X Gemma p. /., and the legio I Adiutrix p. /., in Pan- 
nonia Superior, 241 the ala I pr(aetoria) c(ivium) R(oma- 
norum), in Cappadocia. 242 Therefore Statius Priscus must 
have received his dona militaria while tribunus legionis III 
Gallicae or while praefectus alae I praetoniae civium Roma- 
norum- 2 * 3 If the latter was the case, he was procurator 
Augusti XX hereditatium provinciarum Narbonensis et 
Aquitaniae in the last years of Hadrian's reign ; if the former, 
he probably did not hold this office until the first of Pius' reign. 
He was then elected to the quaestorship, and, after other 
senatorial offices, became consul in 159. 244 

80. T. Statilius Maximus Severus 

IGR I 1226 (Thebes) : Ti//,d0eos ^epKLOKU)fJLy]Tr)<; l^vrjcrdr} iir ayaOui 
<&i\oTra.7nrov tov [. . .]ws koI Magtjuov %Ta.Ti\iov tSioXdyov twv Aoyiw- 
TO.TWV . 

Ill 46 (Thebes) : T. Statilius Maximus Se[ve]r[us] Mem- 
nonem audio hor. I a. d. XII Kal. Mart, anno XX Hadriani 
Imp. n. (136) 

The Latin inscription refers evidently to the same Statilius 
Maximus as the Greek, since, in the Greek inscription, he is 
mentioned with Philopappus, who was contemporary with 
Trajan. He was therefore idiologus of Egypt in 136. 245 

81. * Claudius Iulianus 
Pap. Cattaoui V (=AP III [1906] p. 61 col. VI) 11. if: 

iStov Xoyov 'IouAiavoC . "Etovs k 'A&piavov tov Kvpi[ov] 'A$vp kc. 

(Nov. 22, I36) 

Pap. Rainer 107: (cited by P. Meyer in Festschrift zu O. 
Hirschfeld pp. 151, 160, 162, and by Otto, Priest er u- Temp el 
I p. 174 n. 1 as "unpubl. P. Rainer 107"). (140) 

Claudius Iulianus was idiologus of Egypt about 136 to 140. 

82. L. Domitius Rogatus 

VI 1607 (Rome) : Dis Manibus. L. Domitius L. f. Quir. 
Rogato, pontif. minori, proc. Aug. provinc. Dalmat, proc. 
monetae Aug., ab epistulis Lucii Aelii Caesaris, praef. eq. alae 
I Aravacorum, trib. mil. leg. VI Victric, praef. coh. I Fl. 
equitatae, praef. coh. I Dalmatar. accenso velato. Domitia 
Venusta marito optimo et sibi. 

L. Domitius Rogatus was secretary of L. Aelius Caesar, the 

32 



adoptive son of Hadrian, while Aelius was commander in 
Pannonia with proconsular power, i.e., in 137 and until the 
death of Aelius on January 1, 138. 246 He was then made 
procurator monetae Augusti, probably in the last months of 
Hadrian and, in the first of the reign of Pius, procurator of 
Dalmatia. 

83. fC. Petronius Celer 

VIII 8813 (Mauretania Sitif.) : ex indulgenti[a I]mp. Caes. 
Traia[ni] Hadriani Ang. (sic) fines adsignati genti Numi- 
darum per C. Pet[ro]nium Celerem proc. Aug. prol. (sic) 
Mauretaniae Cae[sa]resis (sic). 

AE 1895 n. 68 (Mauretania Caes.) : [Pro salute et incolumi- 

tate (?)] Imp. Caes. Traian[i] Hadriani Aug. p. p., 

p. m., tr. pot. XX [I], cos. Ill, procos., auspiciis L. Aeli 
C[a]esar(is) <imp.>, Imp. fil., cos. termini pos(iti) [injter 
Regienses et saltum Cu. . . . per C. Petronium Celerem 
proc. Au[g.] an (no) provin. LXXXXVIII. (137) 

From VIII 8813 and 8814 we know that C. Petronius Celer 
was procurator Augusti of Mauretania Caesariensis, i.e., gov- 
ernor of the province, under Hadrian. From VIII 2728, we 
know that he preceded Porcius Vetustinus, who held the office 
about 146-149. 24T One date of his term of office is given by 
L'annee epigraphique 1895 n. 68. The 98th year of the 
province corresponds to the year 137. 

84. *T. Fl(avius) Constans 

III S. 13793 — m S. 12601a (Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. 

Traiano Hadriano Aug., p. m., tr. pot. XXII, cos. Ill, p. p., 
Suri Sag(ittarii) sub T. Fl. Constante proc. Aug. 

(Between Dec. 10, 137 and Feb. 25, 138) 

III S. 13795 (Dacia inf.) : Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadri. 

Aug. pontif. max., tr. pot. XXIII, 248 cos. Ill, p. p., et Imp. T. 

Ael. Caes. Antonino Trai. Hadr. tr. pot., n. bur- 

g(ariqrum) et Veredarior(um) Daciae inf- sub Fl. Constante 
proc. Aug. (Between Feb. 25 and July 10, 138) 

T. Flavius Constans was procurator Augusti of Dacia In- 
ferior in 137-8. The fact that auxiliary troops were placed 
under this command shows that he was a governing procurator. 
Von Domaszewski 249 and Hirschfeld 2l5 ° assert that he was 
under the supervision of the imperial legate of all Dacia; 
Brandis, 251 that he was independent of the legate. We are 
not told definitely the relation of the procurator to the legate 

33 



at this time, but the view that he was to some extent de- 
pendent upon him, seems to me more likely. 252 

85. L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus 

X 7580 (Sardinia) : L. Ba[e]bio L. f. [G]al. Aurelio Iun- 
cino, proc. heredit, proc. Aug. praef. prov. Sard., praef. 
vehicul. ad HS CC, praef, vehicul, ad HS C, proc. ad annonam 
Ostis ad HS [L]X, proc. b[y]bl[i]othec. ad HS [L]X. . 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus was probably the son of L. 
Baebius Iuncinus, 233 who seems to have been a public official 
at the end of Trajan's reign and during the first of Hadrian's. 
The son has therefore been considered as having held office 
during the last of Hadrian's reign and the first of that of Pius. 
He began his official career as procurator bibliothecarum, at a 
salary of sixty thousand sesterces. He afterward became 
procurator ad annonam Ostis, 254 at the same salary, praef ectus 
vehiculorum, first as centenarius, and then as ducenarius, 255 
procurator Augusti praef ectus of the province of Sardinia, 256 
and finally procurator hereditatium. 

86. C. Iulius Celsus 

XIII 1808 (Lugudunum) : C. Iul. C. fil. Quir. Celso Maxi- 
miano adlecto annorum quattuor in amplissimum ordinem ab 
Imp. T. Aelio Hadriano Antonino Aug. Pio p. p. C. Iul. C. 
fil. Quir. Celso, a libellis et censibus, proc. provinciae Lugd. 
et Aquitanic, proc. patrimoni, proc. XX hereditat. Roma[e], 
proc. Neaspoleos et Mausolei Alexandriae, proc. XX hereditat. 
per provincias Narbonens. et Aquitanicam, dilectatori per 
Aquitanica[e] XI populos, curatori viae Lignariae trium- 
phal [is] - - - . 

C. Iulius Celsus was evidently the father of C. Iulius Celsus 
Maximianus who was made a senator by Pius. 257 He there- 
fore doubtless held at least some offices under Hadrian. He 
seems to have begun his civil career without the militiae eques- 
tres. He was, in the first place, curator viae Lignariae 
triumphalis, 258 and then recruiting officer through eleven of 
the civitates of Aquitania, 259 after which he was advanced 
to the procuratorship of the five per cent tax on inheritances 
in Narbonensis and Aquitania. He was then transferred to 
Egypt as procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei, being one of the 
earliest of these officials whose name we know. 260 He next 
became successively procurator vicesimae hereditatium at 
Rome, procurator patrimoni, procurator of Lugdunensis and 

34 



Aquitania, and then a libellis et censibus. Mommsen 261 
thought the department a censibus was merely a part of that 
a libellis. This inscription is a strong argument in favor of 
his view. 

87. Claudius Iulianus 

Frg. Vatic. 235: et ita (divi) Hadriani rescripto ad CI. 
Iulianum praefectum annonae significatur. 

We know of Claudius Iulianus, praefectus annonae under 
Hadrian, only from this mention of a rescript of the emperor 
to him. 262 

88. *[Fl]avius Rufus 

XV 7308 (unknown) : [Imp.] Caesar. Hadriani Aug. sub 
cur. [Fl]avi Run proc. Aug. Felix fecit lib. 

Flavius Rufus was procurator aquarum 2 ™ under Hadrian, 
as we know from this inscription on a piece of lead pipe. 

89. * Iuncus 

Ath. Mitth. 32 (1907) pp. 286-91 (Asia): A]i>TOKpaTo>[p KaZaap 
Oeov Tp]aiavov IlapdiKOV [vlbs, 9eov Ne/oow viwvds, Tpaiavos 'ABpiavojs 
2e/?a<n-os . . . Uepyap,r][vw toTs] apxo[v]<n kcu fiovXrji kcu [t]wi St^/awi 

p(at/3£iv] . . . VK05 6 iTTLTp07TOS p.OV. 

We have in this inscription part of a letter from Hadrian 
to the magistrates and senate of Pergamum. Preceding it in 
the same inscription is part of another letter of Hadrian, writ- 
ten in 1 3 1-2. Probably, therefore, the procurator mentioned, 
whose cognomen was evidently Iuncus, served sometime be- 
tween this date and the end of Hadrian's reign. He may have 
been identical with Aemilius Iuncus, procurator of Syria, 
as it seems, who is mentioned in an inscription found at 
Beirut. 264 

go. *Marcius Cyrenicus 

Bull, com 191 1 p. 247 (Rome) : Imp. Hadriani Aug. n. sub 
cura Marci Cyrenici proc. Aug. fee. Lucifer lib. 

This recently found inscription on a fistula plumbea gives 
us a new name among the procurators aquarum 265 of Had- 
rian. 

91. Trebellius Marinus 

XV 7311 (Rome): Imp. Caes. Trai. Hadriani Aug. sub 
cur. Trebelli Marini proc. Martialis ser. fee. 

Trebellius Marinus was likewise a procurator aquarum 2 ™ 
at some time during the reign of Hadrian. 

35 



92. fL. Valerius Proculus 

II 1970 267 (Malaca, Baetica) : L. Valerio L. f. Quir. Pro- 
culo, praef. cohort. IIII Trachum 268 Syriacae, trib. milit. 
legionis VII Claudiae p. f. . . . praef. classis Alexandrin. et 
Potamophylaci(ae), proc. Aug. Alpium Maritumar., delectatori 
Aug. pro. . . . provinc. veteris Hispan. Baetic, proc. provinc. 
Cappadociae, proc. provinciae Asiae, proc. provinciarum trium 
[Gallia] r. [proc. a rationib.] Aug., [prae]f. [arm] on., 
[praef. Aegypti.] R. p. Malacit. patrono d. d. 

VI 1002 (Rome) : [Imp. Caesari . . . ] T. Aelio 

Hadriano Antonino Aug. Pio. pont. max., trib. potest. VII, 
imp. II, cos. Ill, p. p., corpus pistorum. praef. L. Valeri 
Proculi . (144) 

Ox. Pap. II p. 208 : a.7roypd<f>op.a.L K[ara] Ta KcXtvaOivTa. virb 
OvaXepiov UpoKXov tov rjyep.6vo<i. a.Troypd<pop.ai 77700s tt)v tov BlzXOov- 
tos $ (Itous) AvT<oveivov KatVapos tov Kvpiov . (l45"6) 

From the papyri we know that L. Valerius Proculus was 
prefect of Egypt about 145-7, and since from seven to nine 
offices preceded this one, the early part of his career at least 
must have fallen under Hadrian. Proculus was, in the first 
place, praef ectus classis Alexamdrinae et potamo phylaciae, 2Q9 
the praef ectus potamo phylaciae being in charge of the police 
of the Nile and of the collection of customs. The two posi- 
tions may have been held at the same time as the et seems to 
indicate, but they were not always so held at this period. 270 
Proculus was then advanced to the position of procurator 
Augusti Alpium Maritumarum, and then to that of imperial 
recruiting officer in some province, possibly Africa. 271 After 
this he became successively, procurator (probably) of Bae- 
tica, 272 of Cappadocia, 273 of Asia, 274 and of the three 
Gauls. 275 From VI 1002, Proculus is known to have been 
praef ectus annonae in 144. As prefect of Egypt he succeeded 
Valerius Eudaemon, 276 at least as early as 145-6, and was in 
turn succeeded by M Petronius Honoratus 277 about 147. 

93. *Verridius Bassus 

Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani 278 p. 302 n. 116 col. II: Sermo 

procurato[rum Im]p. [C]aes. Hadriani Aug. . 

col. IV: [E]arnus et Dor[ypho]rus Primige[nio s]uo 
salutem. Exemplum epistulae scriptae nobis a Tutilio Pudente 



36 



egregio yiro ut notum haberes et it quod subiectum est [ce]- 
leberrimis locis propone. Verridius Bassus et Ianuarius Mar- 
tiali suo salut[em] . 

The position which Bassus held is a disputed point. Carco- 
pino 279 makes him a rationibus under Hadrian; Mispoulet 280 
thinks he was procurator regionis; Rostowzew 281 and Schul- 
ten 282 think he was procurator tractus (Karthaginiensis) . In 
any case, he was a knight. 283 

94. *Tutilius Pudens 

Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani p. 302 n. 116: (quoted under 
no. 93). 

Schulten 284 thinks that Tutilius Pudens was a rationibus 
under Hadrian ; Rostowzew, 285 that he was procurator tractus 
(Karthaginiensis), a predecessor of Verridius Bassus; Car- 
copino 286 and Mispoulet 287 also consider him a procurator 
tractus (Karthaginiensis), and therefore a knight. 

95- *[E]arinus 288 

Bruns, Fontes iuris Romani p. 302 n. 116: (quoted under 
no. 93). 

Schulten 289 makes [EJarinus procurator tractus (Karthagi- 
niensis). Carcopino 290 thinks he was a procurator regionis, a 
libertus, the immediate subordinate of Tutilius Pudens, whom 
he thinks was procurator tractus; Rostowzew 291 also con- 
siders him merely a procurator saltus or regionis, for, as he 
says, from his name we know that he was a freedman. 

96. L. Villius Atilianus 

X 6090 (Formiae) : L. Villio C. f. Tromen. Atiliano praef. 
fabr., praef. coh., trib. milit, proc. Aug., patron, colon., qui 
rogatus ab ordine pariter et populo gladiatori muneris publici 
curam susciperet, fecit et explicito quod promiserat impendium 
bigae quam populus ex collatione legativi epuli offerebat 
remisit eo anno quo et optimus Imperator Hadrianus Augustus 
etiam duumviratus honorem suscepit . 

L. Villius Atilianus is known only from this inscription. Af- 
ter holding the mildtiae equestres he became a procurator of 
Hadrian. 

(For addenda, see page 76, following notes.) 
37 



CHAPTER II 

The Reforms of Hadrian as they Affected the Equites 

The regular Roman practice from the time of Augustus was 
to require that the knight who wished to serve in the civil 
offices which were open to him must hold certain preliminary 
military positions which, because of this practice, came 
in time to be known as the militiae equestres. 1 Hadrian 
was the first emperor to separate the civil from the military 
career and to admit knights to the imperial civil service with- 
out a preliminary military service. 2 This followed as a nat- 
ural result of his reforms in this department. Men who had 
received a training in military matters, however thorough that 
training might have been, were not fitted by it for those civil 
offices which were to be entrusted to them, since they lacked 
the necessary knowledge and training in civil affairs. 3 Be- 
ginning with Hadrian training for the procuratorships was 
received in such offices as the newly created post of advocatus 
fisci, the position of secretary to the praetorian prefect, as- 
sistant in the imperial council, or other lower offices. 4 Of the 
knights in the civil service under Trajan whose cursus 
honorum are given in inscriptions, there is not one who did not 
serve in the militiae equestres before his civil career. The 
nearest approach to the absence of military service is in the 
case of T. Flavius Macer, 5 who was merely praefectus gentis 
before holding a procuratorship. Hadrian, however, began at 
the very first of his reign to employ equites who had not 
served in the army, as in the case of Suetonius. 6 Other ex- 
amples are Iulius Vestinus, 7 Eudaemon, 8 Eppius Latinus, 9 
C. Iulius Celsus, 10 and possibly L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus. 11 
It is doubtful if Avidius Heliodorus 12 held a military office. 
There were still, of course, those who passed through the 
ordinary military service ; but the practice of allowing men to 
follow a purely civil career began with Hadrian. 

A policy of Hadrian which had far reaching effects was 
the employment of knights instead of freedmen in all the 
higher administrative positions. 13 He completed the separa- 

38 



tion of the administration of the imperial household from that 
of the empire and brought to full completion the idea which 
had been forming for some time, of an imperial civil service 
in which each office had somewhat the character of a magis- 
tracy. 14 Equites had occasionally been appointed to most of 
the court positions, 15 but their appointment was largely of 
temporary significance. 16 Hadrian was the first emperor to 
employ them consistently in all the higher positions. In the 
statement of Spartianus, Vit. Had. 22. 8 : [Hadrianus] ab 
epistulis et a libellis primus equites Romanos habuit, the primus, 
although really incorrect, may be taken merely as somewhat 
inexact, 17 and as meaning that Hadrian first considered the sec- 
retaryship (in particular) as a position to be given henceforth 
only to knights and at a fixed place in their career. 18 The em- 
ployment of a knight as head of the department ab epistulis goes 
back to Otho, when Secundus, probably the Iulius Secundus 
of Tacitus' Dialogus, filled this position. 19 Domitian seems 
to have employed Dionysius of Alexandria as ab epistulis, and 
he certainly placed Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito in this posi- 
tion, probably in the latter part of his reign, for Capito was 
continued in office during the reign of Nerva and into that of 
Trajan. 20 So far as we know, Trajan did not employ a knight 
as secretary during the remainder of his reign ; he did, how- 
ever, employ several f reedmen in this capacity. 21 There is 
every indication that Hadrian gave the secretaryship, definitely 
to the equites. We know the names of six equestrian sec- 
retaries during his reign: one Latin, C. Suetonius Tranquil- 
ity ; 22 four Greek, Avidius Heliodorus, 23 Eudaemon, 24 L. 
Iulius Vestinus, 25 Celer; 26 and the Latin secretary of Aelius 
Caesar, L. Domitius Rogatus. 27 Previous to Hadrian there 
must have been a division of this department into a Latin 
section and a Greek section, 28 but the supervision of the whole 
had been given to one man. Hadrian appointed a man at 
the head of each section. Suetonius seems to have been the 
first Latin secretary under Hadrian 29 and Heliodorus was 
perhaps his first Greek secretary. The division of the depart- 
ment was doubtless due to a desire for artistic expression, a 
desire which is shown especially by the kind of men appointed 
by Hadrian as secretaries, all of them, so far as known to 
us, being trained rhetoricians or writers. 30 Before Hadrian 
rhetoricians had occasionally been employed as secretaries, as 
in the case of Iulius Secundus and Dionysius of Alexandria ; 

39 



but Hadrian began the practice of regularly choosing literary 
men for this position. 31 

We do not know the attitude of Trajan toward the depart- 
ment a libellis, since no officer of this department during his 
reign is known to us. T. Haterius Nepos 32 held the position 
during the first years of Hadrian's reign and he may have 
been the first eques to hold it. At least for fifty years there 
is no indication of the employment of a knight as a libellis. 33, 
Hadrian likewise employed knights in the position a studdis 34 
where in the first century freedmen appear. 35 L. Iulius 
Vestinus 36 held this position. No example of the officer 
occurs under Trajan. 

In the first century of the empire, the highest financial offi- 
cer in the emperor's service, the procurator a rationibus, was 
so far as known to us, a freedman. 37 Trajan 38 raised the 
standard of the central bureau by appointing a knight, 
L. Vibius Lentulus, 39 as procurator Augusti a rationibus. We 
know of no freedmen who held the office under Trajan. Len- 
tulus held it not long before 114 after several important 
procuratorships. 40 Therefore, even if Trajan at first em- 
ployed freedmen in the position a rationibus, he soon gave it 
to the knights as an important function, and he would hardly 
have lowered the office afterward by restoring it to the liberti. 
Trajan, therefore, adopted and expanded the policy of 
Domitian, which seems to go back to Otho and Vitellius, of 
employing knights in the higher positions of the emperor's 
service, as in the case of Capito, ab epistulis 41 We have no 
sure example under Hadrian of the a rationibus , 42 but from 
the fact that Trajan employed at least one knight (and prob- 
ably more) as procurator Augusti a rationibus, and that at 
least two knights 43 held the position under Pius with the 
same title, we can, in the light of the statement of Vit. Had. 
21. 2: [Hadrianus] libertos suos nee sciri voluit in publico 
nee aliquid apud se posse, safely assume that Hadrian ap- 
pointed only knights to this position. 44 He gave much care 
to the finances of the empire, as we are told in Vit. Had. 20. 
1 1 : omnes publicas rationes ita complexus est ut domum 
privatam quivis pater familias diligens non satius noverit 45 
and his first thought must certainly have been for the central 
administration. 

Hadrian not only kept the standard of officials high in the 
financial department but he also gave the fiscus a defender 

40 



before the courts and systematized the work of the department. 
We are told by Spartianus that advocati fisci were first ap- 
pointed by Hadrian; Vit. Had. 20. 6: fisci advocatum primus 
instituit* 6 We know of no incumbent of the office during 
his reign nor do we know whether he at first appointed one 
advocatus, as the form of expression in the vita would seem 
to indicate, 47 or several, of whom some were to officiate in the 
provinces. From VIII 1174 4S it would seem that in the time 
of Pius at least there were advocati fisci who officiated outside 
of Rome, and Hirschfeld 49 thinks it probable that Hadrian 
began the practice of appointing them for the provinces. 

In the administration of the patrimonium a change seems to 
have been introduced about the time of Hadrian, and Hadrian 
may have been the author of the change. 50 The procuratores 
a patrimonio of the first century were of higher rank than 
those after Hadrian. In the first century the office ranked 
with the secretaryship and the a libellis. 51 Its high rank was 
doubtless due to the fact that the administration of inheritances 
bequeathed to the emperor was looked upon as subordinate to 
this department and that probably the supervision of the whole 
of the patrimonium and of inheritances was placed under the 
procurator a patrimonio. 52 There are no examples of this 
officer under Trajan or Hadrian. After Hadrian knights were 
usually appointed, but the office preceded the procuratorship of 
the five per cent tax on inheritances. Perhaps the field of 
activity of the procurator patrimonii at Rome was limited to 
Italy; 53 at any rate the supervision of inheritances was taken 
from him and given fully into the charge of the procurator 
hereditatium. This is shown by the decrease in importance of 
the procuratorship of the patrimonium and the increase in im- 
portance of the administration of inheritances. From the be- 
ginning of Hadrian's reign the office was always given to 
knights, was held after provincial procuratorships, and re- 
ceived, at least in the course of the second century, a salary 
of 200,000 sesterces. 54 It seems to me safe to ascribe this 
change chiefly to Hadrian, for at the beginning of his reign 
T. Haterius Nepos 55 was procurator hereditatium after 
having been procurator of Armenia Major and procurator 
ludi magni, i.e., evidently after the office had been increased 
in importance. Eudaemon, 56 and probably L. Baebius Aurelius 
Iuncinus, 57 also held the office during Hadrian's reign. Both 
had previously held important provincial procuratorships. 

41 



The vicesima hereditatium seems to have been farmed out 
down to the time of Trajan. 58 In the first century few procu- 
rators and subordinates in this department appear, 59 but after 
Hadrian especially large numbers of procurators and lesser 
officials 60 are found for the administration of the tax in 
Rome, Italy, and the provinces, while no sure sign of the farm- 
ing system occurs. We can but assume, therefore, that the 
system of direct collection was introduced about the time of 
Hadrian. 61 We know of no imperial officials under Trajan 
for the collection of the tax in the provinces, but two are 
found during Hadrian's reign for one district, Narbonensis 
and Aquitania. 62 This seems to show that Hadrian gave a 
strong impulse 63 toward direct collection, even though he 
may not have begun the practice. It has been assumed 6i that 
Hadrian was the first to appoint a central administrator of this 
tax at Rome. We have, however, for Trajan's reign three 
examples 65 of the procurator XX hereditatium, evidently all 
at Rome since no province is given, and the rank of at least 
two seems to show that they held the position 66 of central 
administrator. 

The substitution of direct for indirect collection of duties 
began even under Domitian and continued during the second 
century. It is impossible to say just how much of this change 
can be attributed to Hadrian, but the appearance of several 
procurators of various duties during and immediately after 
his reign shows that he hastened the change. Rostowzew 6T 
thinks that the Illyrian district was established and that the 
duty was organized by Hadrian. The duty was farmed at first, 
but under Pius appear tax farmers who were also imperial 
officials. It has been thought 68 that the XL Galliarum was 
farmed out until toward the end of the second century, when 
there seemed to be an intermingling of imperial supervision 
with farming of the tax. It is now known, however, that this 
tax was collected under the direction of imperial procurators 
even in the time of Hadrian, for a recently found inscription 
gives Bassus, 69 proc. Aug. ad XXXX Gall., during his reign, 
the earliest known procurator of this tax. The collection of 
the quottuor publicorum Africae was supervised in the time 
of the Flavians by freedmen as procurators. 70 The standing 
of the department was raised at least by the period of Hadrian, 
as is shown by the appearance during his reign of a knight, 
Eppius Latinus, procurator) IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae). 71 

42 



L. Caninius Valens, 72 procurator of the same duty, falls 
about this time or a little later. Q. Saenius Pompeianus, 73 
cond(uctor) IIII p(ublicorum) Afr(icae) appears under Pius. 
The portoria in Sicily were collected directly even in the time 
of Domitian, as is shown by the example of C. Vibius 
Salutaris, 74 promagister portuum provinciae Siciliae. 

Augustus established the imperial post 75 but Hadrian made 
it a state institution over the whole empire, with fixed stations 
which he placed under the supervision of imperial officials. 76 
By fixing the stations and otherwise regulating the post, and 
especially by putting imperial praefecti in charge of it, the 
municipal magistrates were relieved of responsibility, but the 
expense still fell upon the municipalities^ Otherwise there 
would be no point to the statement in Vita Pii 12. 3 : vehicu- 
larium cur sum summa dtiigmMa sublevavit. The new office 
of praefectus vehiculorum which he established, Hadrian gave 
to the equites, 77 L. Baebius Iuncinus 78 being probably the first 
known incumbent ; he seems to have served early in Hadrian's 
reign. L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 79 who was perhaps his 
son, was also praefectus vehiculorum and may have officiated 
in the latter part of the same reign. 

Down to the time of Trajan the officials who took the cen- 
sus in whole provinces were of senatorial rank ; 80 but he began 
the practice of appointing knights to this post, as we see 
from the occurrence of T. Visulanius Crescens, 81 censor of 
Lower Germany in the early or middle part of his reign. Since 
he began the practice thus early, he probably employed other 
knights later in the same capacity. Hadrian showed his pre- 
ference for officials of equestrian rank by continuing and 
doubtless extending the practice. We have, however, only 
two examples of these officials for his reign: Bassus, 82 
proc(urator) Aug(usti) ad censum agend(um) Ponto Bithy- 
niae, and T. Eppius Latinus, 83 census taker of some unknown 
province. Both of these men seem to have held office in the 
early part of Hadrian's reign. 

From the statement of Vit. Had. 18. 1 : cum iudicaret, in 
consilio habuit non amkos suos aut comites solum sed iuris 
consultos et praecipue Iuventium Celsum, Sakrium Iulianum, 
Neratium Priscum, aliosque, quos tamen senatus omnes pro- 
basset, Cuq 84 assumes that Hadrian chose only senators as 
members of his consilum. Hirschfeld 85 is certainly right in 
opposing this view, because it would seem to be against the 

43 



tendency of his reign to employ only senators, and on account 
of the definite statement of Vit. Had. 8. 8-9: equites Romanos 
nee sine se de senatoribus nee secum iudicare permisit; erat 
enim tunc mos ut cum princeps causas agnosceret, et senatores 
et equites Ronwnos in consilium vocaret et sententiam ex 
omnium deliberatione proferret. The position of consiliarius 
was provided by Hadrian with a salary. 86 

Through the inscriptions discovered in Africa in recent 
times, the ara legis Hadrianae 87 the decree of Commodus 
concerning the Saltus Burunitanus, 88 which refers to the con- 
ditions of the lex Hadriana, and the lex Hadriana de rudibus 
agris, 89 we are given some idea of the interest which Hadrian 
took in the administration of the imperial domains. 90 It is clear 
that he dealt in a detailed manner with all aspects of the ad- 
ministration of the emperor's domains, at least in Africa. The 
equites were employed in the higher positions of this depart- 
ment, but we have no means of telling to what extent Hadrian 
may have increased their number or importance; still we can 
hardly doubt that he did both. Under Trajan we have the 
name of one of these procurators who stood at the head of 
the emperor's domains in the Thracian Chersonese, 91 while for 
the reign of Hadrian three equestrian procurators of the dis- 
tricts of Africa are known to us by name. 92 

Hadrian was not the first to employ equites as procuratores 
aquarum, as was formerly thought. 93 These officials were 
taken from the freedman class in the first century, 94 and dur- 
ing at least a part of the reign of Trajan. 95 Later, however, 
Trajan changed his policy toward the department and began 
the practice of employing knights. 96 C. Pomponius Hyllus 97 
was procurator aquarum at some time after 103, and two other 
possible cases 98 occur for this period. Under Hadrian we have 
the names of four knights 99 as procuratores aquarum, but 
there is no evidence that Hadrian ever made use of freedmen 
in this capacity. 

As has been shown, the emperors before Hadrian beginning 
with Otho and Vitellius employed equites occasionally in 
some of the higher court positions of their service. 100 Under 
Trajan especially freedmen were displaced by equites in a 
number of important positions. 101 Hadrian, however, em- 
ployed members of the equestrian order consistently in those 
offices in which his predecessors had occasionally done so. 102 
He likewise increased the importance of certain departments 

44 



and placed them in charge of knights. 103 He divided the sec- 
retaryship and placed a knight at the head of each division. 
He created the office of advocatus fisci and made it the first 
step in the new equestrian civil career. Similarly, because of 
his active interest in the finances of the empire, a larger num- 
ber of equites were employed in certain financial offices al- 
ready existing. 104 He displaced senators in some divisions of 
the census 105 and employed a larger proportion of knights 
here as well as in collecting duties and in the administration of 
the imperial domains. Because of these reforms we should 
expect to find a larger number of the equestrian order in the 
emperor's service during Hadrian's reign than in previous 
reigns. 106 From the material given in the first chapter we 
have a basis for comparing the number of equestrian officials 
who served during the reign of Hadrian with those who served 
under Trajan. iThese reigns were of practically the same 
length; but although Trajan was more favorable to the 
equites as civil officials than his predecessors had been, we 
find the names of only 39 107 holding office during his reign 
compared to 57 108 for the reign of Hadrian, an increase of 
nearly one half. A more decisive result is obtained by com- 
paring the number who started service during Hadrian's 
reign with those who started under Trajan. Of these we 
have the names of 50 109 for Hadrian and 28 110 for Trajan. 
These numbers, which more nearly represent Hadrian's at- 
titude toward the equites as imperial officials, show a gain of 
nearly 79 per cent. 

A comparison of the positions in the emperor's service filled 
by the equites under Trajan with those which they had held 
under earlier emperors shows that Trajan employed members 
of this order in several important positions where formerly 
freedmen had served. A comparison of the offices which 
existed during the reign of Hadrian with, those existing pre- 
viously shows that Hadrian introduced a number of important 
reforms in the administration of the empire. A further 
comparison of the status of those who held various offices 
under Hadrian with the status of those who held the same 
offices previously, in connection with the numbers given above, 
shows conclusively that Hadrian employed the equites to a 
far greater extent in administrative positions than did the em- 
perors who preceded him. 



45 



NOTES TO INTRODUCTION AND CHAPTER I 

1 The fourth volume of this work, which has been, promised since the 
publication of the other three (1898-9), but seems unlikely to appear 
soon, is to contain lists of officials. The work of Otto Hirschfeld has 
contributed much to the study of the officials of the first three cen- 
turies of the empire. His book (Die romischen V erwaltungsbeamten 
bis auf Diocletian, 2 Aufl., Berlin, 1905) and various articles must be 
consulted continually by all who study any part of this field. He has 
not, however, brought together in any one place the officials of the 
period with their cwrsus honorum. 

2 There are 23 such names; they are indicated by a star (*). 

3 These are indicated by a dagger (t). 

4 As a rule, only those references are given which help to fix the 
name, cursus, or dates of offices of the official under consideration. 
Missing portions of inscriptions and papyri are indicated by 
dots (...); omitted portions of references and quotations in gen- 
eral are indicated by dashes (---). All dates are after Christ 
The years of inscriptions, etc., when known, are indicated in paren- 
theses. References to the officials enumerated in this paper are made 
by number (abbreviated thus: no. 1, etc.). The abbreviation n. 
used in references to other works means note or number, as the case 
may be. 

6 Pros. II p. 308 n. 320. 

6, Cagnat, Cours p. 193. Ill S. 14147 2 shows that Trajan received 
the title pater patriae before Sept. 18, 98. 

7 Cantarelli, p. 81 n. 34, is inclined to assign the inscription 
to the end of 97. Stein in PW III 1401 (under n. 112), evidently 
does not date it so early, for he says of Planta that from Compt. 
rend. acad. ins. 1896 p. 40 = III S. 14147 2 we know "dass er schon in 
der ersten Halfte des J. 98 Praefect von Aegypten war," and does not 
mention IGR I 1154 = Rev. arch. 1889 p. 70. 

8 iCf. Thesaurus I. L. onomast. II col. 42. The form Caesarensis oc- 
curs sometimes in texts and often in inscriptions. For other examples, 
see reference. 

9 Klebs in Pros. I p. 266 n. 142, does not assign him this office as 
held in Pannonia nor does PW III 1309 n. 2, although he seems dearly, 
from III S. 10224, to have held it. This inscription seems to have 
been cut during or shortly after the Dacian war of Domitian (85-87), 
for the name of the emperor is not given; cf. Ljubic ap. CIL III S 
10224 note, and Filow in Klio I Erganzungsbd. 6 Beih. 48 n. 3. 

10 Fay urn Towns, p. 305 n. 251, gives beginning of a petition to C. 
Minucius Italus, prefect. Grenfell and Hunt always use this spelling 
of the nomen (Fayum Towns I. c, Amherst Pap. II pp. 70, 71, 242). 

11 For a comparison of this inscription with V 875, see Gardthausen 

46 



in Phil. 66 (1907) pp. 481-90. He also discusses the career of 
Minicius. — AE 1893 n. 91 reads : C. Minicio C. f . Vel. Italo - - - 

[ proc....] Tusciae proc. provinc. Asiae proc. provinc[ia]r. 

Lugdunens[is et] Aqui[t]an[ic], praef. annonae, praef. Aeg. . 

Cagnat remarks, "il y a ici, dans 1'enumeration de ses fonctions, 
quelques variantes ; mais peutetre, a un nouvel examen de la pierre, 
disparaitraient-elles." The difference that is noticeable in the civil 
offices is Tusciae before proc. provinc. Asiae, where in V 875 we 
have proc. provinc. Hellespont. 

12 Revised reading instead of £[ T ]«> given in AP II (1903) p. 137, 
Wilcken; cf. ib. p. 124, and index of BGU III p. 21. This reading 
makes the year 101-2. 

is Cf. AP II (1903) p. 137. 

14 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 387 f . We may assume that the emperor 
hesitated thus to interfere in the government of a senatorial province. 
Even in imperial provinces, governed by legati Augusti, the substitution 
of a procurator was rare, if we may judge from the examples known 
to us. Marcius Turbo held an extraordinary military command in 
Pannonia and Dacia and was not a substitute governor (see below 
no. 39) ; Catus Decianus, procurator in Britain in 61 (Tac. Ann. 14. 
32), was probably not an acting governor; cf. Keyes, Rise of the 
Equites in the Third Century of the Roman Empire, Princeton, 1915, 
p. 3 n. 2. A case of a procurator taking the place of a legatus in 
Judaea is mentioned in III 5776, surely before Septimius Severus (cf. 
Hirschfeld, op.cit. p. 3'88). These two or three scattered cases are 
without doubt the first manifestation of the rise of the equites in 
the third century ; cf . Keyes, op. cit. pp. 3 f . 

15 Waddington, Fastes Asiatiques p. 162, conjectured that he took 
the place of Civica Cerialis, killed at the command of Domitian dur- 
ing his proconsulate. 

16 Cf . Mommsen's note in V 875, "quod Lactora Traiani aetate ita 
nominatur, ut Aquitania non videatur comprehendi, pertinet sine 
dubio ad originem provinciae quae postea fuit Novempopulana." 
The name Novempopulana was kept even after more districts were 
included; cf. Ihm in PW II 336. The inscription of Italus, however, 
seems to be the first evidence of the district of Lactora ; cf . Hirschfeld 
in Comm. Momms. p. 440 n. 30; Marquardt, p. 283 n. 4. 

17 IGR I 1 175; see below no. 12. 

18 See below no. 23. 

19 Cf. Crenfell and Hunt, Amherst Pap. II 64 introd. 

20 See above no. 1. 

21 Meyer in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 213, placed Vibius Maximus before 
Minicius, the beginning of whose office he put in 105 from V 875 of 
that year, since, in this inscription, the prefecture is the last in the 
list of offices. But this does not prove that he was prefect in that 
year; cf. Grenfell and Hunt I.e. Cantarelli, p. 82 n 35, gives his date 
as 101-3. 

22 In the proconsulship of T. Aquillius Proculus, Pros. I p. 123 n, 
812; Chapot, p. 307. This inscription shows that his praenomen was 
perhaps Gaius and not T(itas), as given in X 1699. 

47 



23 There are several copies of this inscription: III 14195 4 - 13 ; 
14195 7 = 6065. Only fragments remain of 14195 10 ~ 1 ^. 

24 IM'ommsen', St. R. II p. 1017. 1, says (by inference) that the pro- 
magister was a representative or agent of a societas for farming 
taxes. He seems to separate the two positions. Rostowzew, Staatspacht 
pp. 392-3, takes them together as given above. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 84, 
mentions only the first with the explanation given above. Cf. also 
Boak, "Roman Magistri in the Service of the Empire," in Harvard 
Studies in Classical Phil. 26 (1915) pp. 77 f. 

25 The title is rare. To the governing procurators and to the finan- 
cial procurators of the imperial provinces sometimes subprocurators 
were given. We know of none for senatorial provinces (Hirschfeld, 
Verw. 2 p. 400). At this time there seems to have been some disturbance 
in Mauretiania Tingitana, for a few years later there was a procurator 
in the province (no. 18) with the title procurator pro legato, an un- 
usual title. Probably the procurator pro legato had a military power 
more extended than that of the ordinary procurator, who doubtless 
took charge of the civil and financial affairs of the province; cf. Cag- 
nat, Armee 2 pp. 44-5 ; Roulez, Legats propreteurs et les procurateurs 
de la Belgique et de la Germanie inf. p. 46. 

26 Cf. Dessau in Hermes 45 (1910) p. 17 n. 1, "Inhaber ritterlichen 
Offizier- und Beamtenstellen unter Domitian und Trajan---." 

27 In Epp. 1.117; 5.8; 8. 12. 

28 This is assumed because of the shortness of Nerva's reign and 
the statement that he held the secretaryship a second time under 
Nerva. 

29 Capito was doubtless merely continued in office. After his death 
freedmen seem to have held the position, since a number of Ulpii 
Aug. I., are known to have served in it ; cf . Friedlander, I p. 185, and 
Rostowzew in PW VI 212. 

30 Cf. Plin. Epp. 8. 12. 

31 Callaecia and Asturia, even in the time of Augustus, seem to have 
been formed into a separate administrative district on account of the 
distance from Tarraco, the capital city of Hither Spain, and because 
of the warlike nature of the inhabitants (Hiibner in PW II 1863-4; 
III 1358). At this time the district was in charge of the legatus 
Augusti of the legions stationed there, and he was subordinate to the 
legatus Augusti pro praetore who governed the whole province; cf. 
Strabo 3 p. 166; Mommsen, Eph. ep. IV pp. 224 f. In the second cen- 
tury it was governed by a legatus iuridicus, whom Marquard't, I p. 254, 
identifies with the legate of the seventh legion Gemina, but under 
Pius both legati Augusti and legati iuridici appear. Von Domaszewski, 
Rh. Mus. 45 (1890) p. 10, thinks the iuridicus was first appointed under 
Trajan. The first known example occurs under Pius, leg(atus) 
Aug(usti) iuridicus Asturiae et Callaeciae (VIII 2747). 

Hirschfeld, Prov. Statthalter p. 6 n. 10, in Comm. Momms. p. 437 
n. 18, and in Verw. 2 p. 377 n. 3, maintains that Asturia and Callaecia 
were governed by a procurator previous to the appearance of the 
senatorial governor. The basis of his argument is that in II 2477 
(year 79) the name of the procurator is used in the ablative with that 



of the legatus of Hither Spain and the legatus of the legion in dating. 
In the third century the section was perhaps made a separate province ; 
cf. Hiibner, /. c; Kornemann in PW V 721 ; Braun, Spanische prov. 
Grensen in rom. Zeit p. 124. See, however, Mispoulet, Rev. 
phil. 34 (1910) pp. 319 ff., where (pp. 312 ff.) Hirschf eld's 
opinion (above) of the procurator is discussed. While agreeing with 
him in his contention that the procurator was a governing procurator, he 
is not satisfied with the foundation of Hirschfeld's argument, for he 
thinks the term prov(inciae) in the inscription of iD. Iulius Capito 
(see no. 33) indicates that in the mind of the one who used it, the 
thought was of a real governor. The use of provinciae here seems 
to me to show rather that the two sections had been governed apart 
from the rest of Hither Spain for so long that they /were considered 
almost as a province. Moreover, the fact that there was a financial 
procurator of all Hither Spain in the middle of the third century 
("even supposing that Asturia and Callaecia were still a part of that 
province), does not prove that the procurator of these two districts 
a hundred and fifty years before was a governing procurator. We 
can hardly assume that there was also at the beginning of the second 
century a financial procurator of all Hither Spain. On p. 315 of the 
above article Mispoulet says : "Aucune des inscriptions connues ne 
permet d'affirmer que ces deux charges [legatus iuridicus, procurator] 
ont coexiste." But on p. 314 he cites C. (not "D.") Iunius Flavianus 
as proc. Hispaniae Citerioris per Asturiam et Callaeciam, for the last 
of Hadrian's reign or the first of Antoninus Pius, and Bassaeus Rufus, 
procurator Asturiae et Gallaeciae, probably under Pius, while on p. 316 
he gives L. Novius Crispinus, legatus Augusti iuridicus Astyriae et 
Callaeciae for the first of Pius' region; and at the same time there 
were legati Augusti in the section (cf. Mispoulet, p. 318), the earliest, 
under Hadrian, [leg. Aug. per As]tyriam et Callaecia[m], not being 
named here, but published in Rom. Mitth 11 (1896) p. 255, and cited in 
Hirschfeld, Verm. 2 p. 377 n. 3. Hirschfeld seems to me to have found 
the strongest argument for his case, but as more inscriptions come to 
light, it will doubtless be found that there were senatorial governors 
in this region even earlier than Hadrian. Domaszewski, Rh. Mus. 45 
( 1890) p. 10 n. 3, puts the thing in a nutshell : "Aber ich sehe nicht wie 
diese 'praesidialische' Stellung der Procuratoren mit dem Auftreten 
senatorischer Beamten in demselben Districte vereinigen lasst." 
There is, however, no ground for saying that C. Iunius 
Flavianus was procurator of Asturia and Callaecia under Had- 
rian. We do not know that he was praefectus annonae in 144, as 
Mispoulet says. L. Valerius Proculus (see no. 92) was praefectus 
annonae in 144, after -which he was praefectus Aegypti about 145-47, 
and he was followed immediately by M. Petronius Honoratus; cf. 
Cantarelli, pp. 91 f. Therefore Flavianus could not have been 
praefectus Aegypti in 147, in spite of iMispoulet's statement (p. 314) 
to the contrary, a statement for which he offers no evidence and 
for which, as far as I am aware, none exists. Flavianus doubtless 
belongs to the time of the Antonines; cf. Marquardt, I p. 254 n. 10; 
Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 3*2 n. 17; Friedlander, I p. 175- 

49 



Various forms of the title occur for the procurator of Asturia and 
Callaecia : proc. Aug. provinciae Hispaniae citer(ioris) Asturiae et 
Callaeciarum, (as here) ; proc. Aug. provinc (iae) Austur(iae) et Cal- 
laec (iae), (see no 33) ; proc. Aug. Hispaniae citerioris per Asturicam 
et Gailaeciam, (C. Iunius Flavianus, VI 1620) ; proc. Asturiae et 
Gallaeciae, (VI 1509). 

32 = Forschungen in Ephesos II, Das Theater, Vienna, 1912 
(Heberdey). The restorations are after other inscriptions of Ephesus, 
partly unedited, mentioning the same man. 

33 fioijdbv iwl tCov bhOiv vaCiv — - = adiutor curatoris viarum 

aedium sacrarum loeorumque publicorum. 

34 Cf. no. 18. 

35 In this position he probably preceded Besius Betuinianus, who has 
been the earliest known example of a knight in this office ; cf . Hirsch- 
feld, Verw. 2 p. 182 n. 2. Lentulus must have been in office during the 
first years of Trajan, but Besius, not until after 103. 

36 Under Domitian, Pannonia and Dalmatia were united under one 
financial procurator, as is shown by the use of et in an inscription 
quoted by 'Mommsen, Sits. -her. der Berl. Akad. 1903 p. 817: 
proc. Imp. Caesaris Aug. Germanici provinciae Pannoniae et Dal- 
matian Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 379 and n. 3. 

37 It was doubtless because of his interest in the provincials and of 
the benefits which he conferred on them that he was honored by a 
statue. 

38 This officer was the treasurer at Rome of the state money, which 
was kept partly near the statua loricata of Iulius Caesar, and partly 
in the temple of Castor; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 4 and n. 4. Very 
few inscriptions mentioning this official exist. Four mention freed- 
men as procurators : VI 8689 = X 8059 168 : T. Fl. Aug. lib. iMartiali 
proc. Aug. ad. Castor (em) ; VI 8690 = XV 7144: Garni Aug. 1. proc. 
a loricata; VI 8691 = XV 7143: Hechi Aug. 1. pro(c). a loricata ex 
ration(e) peculiare; VI 8692 = XV 7145: Orthri Aug. 1. proc. a lori- 
cata. All of these, at least, certainly belong to the first century. T. 
Fl(avius) Martialis, proc. Aug. ad Castor (em), was probably in office 
under Vespasian or Titus. C Iulius Bassus Aemilianus, actor 
Caesaris ad Castor(em) et ad loricata(m), ad auctoritatem, of VI 
8688 (cf. Mommsen in CIL III 1998) seems to have been also of the 
first century. Lentulus is the first example of an eques as procurator 
Augusti a loricata. 

39 This is the earliest example of a knight as proc. Aug. a rationibus. 
Previous to the appearance of the above inscriptions, none was known 
under Trajan or Hadrian, although it has been supposed that Vitellius 
made use of knights in this position (see Chap. II). The title 
i-n-lrpoTros 2e(3a<rTov dirb t&v \6yuv ( = procurator Augusti a rationi- 
bus) has been supposed to have been used first by Hadrian ; cf . Schurz, 
pp. 33 f. The title as here given is not like other Greek expressions 
for the translation of the Latin a rationibus. In IGR I 227, Toi>y 
Ka66\ov \6yovs ^7r[iT/>07rei/<ras] is used. Dio 79. 21 uses roi/s Ka66\ov 
\6yovs iTmerpafifi^vos. In an inscription from Ephesus of the time 
of Severus, as it seems, we have ^t' tw kcl06\ov \6ywv rwv ixeylcrruv 
avTOKpardpwv , III 6574 = S. 7126. In Eusebius Hist. eccl. IX 1-1.4 

SO 



tuv Ka86\ov \6yuv 'iirapxos is used ; cf . Magie. De Rom. vocabulis in Gr. 
serm. conversis, Leipzig, 1905, p. 106. 

40 As the union of iirlTpoirov SejSao-ToO with all shows. 

41 This is without doubt the L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius 
Catellius Celer of Pros. Ill p. 72 n. 501, who was cos. suff. about 72. 
(X 8038). It was not known before that he was curator viarum 
aedium sacrarum locorumque publicorum. 

42 "Saburanus traditur, fuit sine dubio (Attius) Suburanus," Klebs, 
Pros. I p. 181 n. 1135. 

43 The same incident is given in Dio 68.16 (Zon. 11. 21) without 
the name. 

44 Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 403, thought he was perhaps 
identical with Sex. Attius Suburanus, cos. II in 104. Hirschfeld, 
Verw. 1 p. 224 n. 30, is of the same opinion. Klebs, Pros. I.e., thinks 
not : "statuendum enim esset hominem praeterea plane ignotum ob- 
tinuisse locum qualem ante saeculum III obtinuerunt Seianus et Titus 
filius Vespasiani." Stech, "Senatores, etc." in Klio 10. Beib. p. 70 n. 
866 agrees with Klebs. 

45 Hirschfeld's correction, Verzu. 1 p. 224. 

46 Hirschfeld Verw. 1 pp. 224-5 n. 31; "zusammen mit Attianus?" he 
queries. 

47 "Gehorte also wohl auch zu den comites Trajans," adds Stein in 
PW III 2729. He may have had estates near Praeneste, as seems prob- 
able from a tile found there and marked CI. Liviani (XIV 4091 30 ) 
and from a piece of lead pipe with inscription given above. If XV 
932 refers to him, he was alive in 123. 

48 Probably for [t]ri[b(unus)] m[ili]t(um) leg(ionis) XII 
Fulm(inatae), "nam primipilus admitti nequit inter praefecturam cohor- 
tis et provincae procurationem" (Hubner's note in C1L). 

49 In this inscription de Ricci (AP II [1903] p. 439 "• 42) says that 
one can still read after iirl yye/xovos, ovi^iovfxa . . . ov, and he therefore 
supplies Owftfov M.a£i/JL0V. 

50 lDe Ricci, Compt. rend. acad. ins. 1900 pp. 78 f., thinks the name 
here has been purposely defaced. Mommsen in his note to the inscrip- 
tion says : "Deficit certe, sed utrum casu an consilio, lapis denuo a me 
inspectus nequaquam decidit non exhibens certa liturae vestigia. Illud 
omnino verum est, neque enim credibile nomen erasum esse cognomine 
illaeso." De Ricci, /. c, thinks the name was also defaced in IGR I 
1 175, and suggests (cf. Ox. Pap. V p. 314) that the reason for the de- 
facement in both cases may have been the proceedings in which the 
speech recorded in part in Ox. Pap. Ill 471 was perhaps delivered. This 
speech seems to have been directed against a certain Maximus who 
had held high office, probably the prefecture (cf. 1. 22). The papyrus 
is of the age of Hadrian or the Antonines (introd. to pap.) and de 
Ricci suggests that it may be a later copy {Rev. d. etudes gr. 18 [1905] 
P- 333)- It may have been a rhetorical exercise merely; cf. Bauer, 
AP I (1901) pp. 29 ff. 

51 He was praefectus alae in Syria (Stat. Silvae 4-7, 46 f.) and 
praefectus cohortis III Alpinorum in Dalmatia in 93 (CIL III p. 859). 
He received a request from Pliny in 101 (Epp. Ill 2) regarding 

51 



Maturas Arrianus. Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 423 n. 389, thinks even then 
he may have been marked out of Egypt. 

52 See no. 4. 

53 See no. 23. — Meyer in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 214, conjectured that 
Dioscurus was prefect of Egypt in 105-6 from IG XIV 2421. 1 : 
AiotTKOijpov (erei) d' Tpaiavov . . . 5vo dva ir6des v [ 'ApttrjretSou dpxiW/crou. 
The conjecture is improbable for two reasons: (1) if he had been 
prefect, the formula would have been iirl Awxr/cotfpv iiripxv Aiy&n-Tov ; 
(2) in the year 105-6, Vibius Maximus was prefect; cf. Cantarelli, p. 85; 
Stein in PW V 1144. 

54 Coptos is in the Thebais. 

55 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 p. 56 n. 2. Unger, Lpz. St. 10 ( 1888) p. 27, 
thinks he was censor while praef. equitum, or just before. 

56 Memni by mistake for Memmi, or there should be a Memnian 
gens; cf. M. Memnius Agrippa, VIII 5313. A L. Memmius Rufus (or 
Rufinus) occurs in the middle of the second century, XV 1298; cf. 
Dressel in XV 7302. 

57 Pros. II p. 365 n. 342a and III p. 245 n. 508. 

53 Sylloge aq. n. 145. The fistula was not made sub cur (a) proc, 
etc., but sub cur(a) Sili Deciani et Memni Rufi; cf. Frontin. De aquis 
§99. Dressel (XV 7302 note) agrees with Lanciani. 

59 This is the corrected reading of Dressel. 

60 Off(icinatore) Telesph(oro) ser(vo) or (ex) off(icina) Teles- 
ph(ori) ser(z'i). 

61 Lanciani, Sylloge aq. n. 73', reads Hylae here and also in n. 72 
( = XV 7300). Dressel refers these and 7299 to one man and re- 
marks "De Ruggiero et Lanciani parum accurate uterque," in 

his note to XV 7301. 

62 In naming Hyllus a procurator aquarum, I have followed Hirsch- 
feld, Verw. 2 pp. 280 f., who thinks that from Frontinus, De aquis § 112, 
we should conclude that all those whose names are stamped on water 
pipes merely as procurators, under whose direction (sub cura) the 
pipes were made, should be considered as procuratores aquarum. 
Dressel, XV p. 909 col. 1, thinks that some of these may have been pro- 
curatores patrimoni because on some pipes (XV 7303, 7312, 7739) oc- 
cur the words sub cura procuratoris patrimoni or sub cur (a) 
proc (ur at or is) stat(ionis) patrimoni (XV 7318). But Hirschfeld 
considers that this supervision belonged really to the procurator 
aquarum and only exceptionally to the procurator patrimoni, in case 
the pipes were being laid on the emperor's private estates. 

63 Ritterling, De legione Romanorum X Gemina (1885) pp. 47-8, 
thinks he received the dona militaria while praef ectus alae Dardanorum. 

64 Cf. de Lessert, I p. 533 1 ; Henze in PW III 327-8; Cagnat, L'armee 
romaine d'Afrique, first ed. p. 321. 

65 The title occurs only here and under Septimius Severus, XII 
1856. For the title procur. Augustor. et pro leg. provincial Raitiai, etc. 
(V 3936), see Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 390 f. 

66 This is the opinion of Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 391-2, and of Cag- 
nat, Armee 2 I pp. 255 f., and seems to be the simplest explanation. 
That of Henze in PW III 327, "stellvertretender Statthalter — mit dem 

52 



Titel proc. pro leg." is not logical. Nor is the title proc pro leg. the 
distinctive title of the governing procurator, given to distinguish him 
from other procurators in the province, as Marquardt, I pp. 483-4, thinks. 
De Lessert, Bull, des antiquites africaines 1885 p. 102, ap. Cagnat, 
Armee 2 I p. 255, says the difference between proc. utriusque Maure- 
taniae and proc. Aug. pro leg. Tingitanae, is that the first had both civil 
and military authority in both Mauretanias, the second had only the 
military. Thus Besius invested with civil power in Tingitana would 
have military authority in both. Cagnat, /. c, agrees, and rightly, that 
the proc. pro leg. of Tingitana did not have civil authority outside 
that province, and he seems to me most certainly right in combating 
the idea that from the two inscriptions (this and XII 1856) in which 
the title occurs, we are justified in saying that the proc. pro leg. 
Tingitanae, by virtue of this office, had military authority ini both 
Mauretanias. 

67 I.e., Aeoliae, Aegates, Gaulus, Melita, Cossura; cf. Mommsen in 
CIL X pp. 772-6; on Lipara, cf. Marquardt, I p. 245; on Melita, Cic. 
Act. II in Verr. 4:4)6.103, 4.18.39; on Gaulus and Melita, Plin. Hist. 
nat. 3.92 and cf. Marquardt, I p. 246. 

68 See under no. 18. 

69 In the first inscription nothing is said about his having been 
flamen. The Lykiarchia follows directly after the procuratorship. 
Mommsen, Jahreshefte 3 (1900) p. 7, argues that the flamen and 
the Lykiarch were identical : "Die f ormelle Amtsbezeichnung ist d PX iepei>s 
tQjv Se/3ao-rwj', die gebrauchliche, avyp Avici&pxys oder AvKidpxvs 
schlechtweg; Gleichbedeutend sind beide." See also Fougeres, De 
Ly riorum communi (1898) p. 79- 103, and in Melanges Perrot; Darem- 
foerg and Saglio, Diet. wit. Ill p. 847. 

70 By the victory over the Getae, which is mentioned, is meant one of 
tlhose in the Dacian campaign. The second is not mentioned; there- 
fore the dona seem to have been received in the first Dacian campaign ; 
cf. Vollgraff in Bull. cerr. hell. I. c. It seems very probable, in fact, 
that the stone was cut before the second; if so, the procuratorship 
was held between the last of 102 and the beginning of 104. 

71 Cf. no. 18. 

72 See Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 199- 

73 Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 302 n. 58, thinks that his estate, which seems 
to have been near Perusia, is mentioned in XI 1947. 

74 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 pp. 392-3 ; Peaks, p. 166 and n. 4. 

75 In Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 21 a Flavius Sulpicius Similis is named 
as prefect of Egypt. iMeyer in Klio I ('1901) p. 478, and Stein in 
Jahreshefte 3 (1900) Beib. 209, identify him with C. Sulpicius Similis. 
The date of this papyrus is about 185 or 186; cf. Grenfell and Hunt, 
Ox. Pap. II p. 141 ; Cantarelli, p. 102 n. 60. A decree of the prefect is 
cited, but it is not at all certain that the reference is to our Similis. A 
Sulpicius Similis, praefectus Aegypti, is mentioned at the end of Ox. 
Pap. IV 712, and this papyrus falls after 146-7, probably in the first 
years of Commodus; cf. Ox. Pap. IV p. 180 n. 7 and p. 262, and 
Cantarelli, p. 85. This man and Flavias Sulpicius Similis were doubt- 
less identical. 

S3 



The cognomen of our prefect in some of the Egyptian documents is 
spelled Simius. This was amended to Similis by Borghesi, Opp. ill 
pp. 127 f., from iDio 69. 19 and Frg. Vatic. 233, and Mommsen in CIL 
III 24, adopted this spelling. Dessau, Pros. Ill p. 289 n. 735 partly 
from BGU 140 (old reading), thought the men were identical; 
Schwartz in Jahrb. f. Phil. 41 (1895) 'P- 640, refused to identify them 
and was followed by Meyer, Hermes 32 (1897) p. 215. Meyer rests 
largely on BGU 140 where, according to the old reading, S^M'^ pov 
occurs. Stein, /. c, thinks the form Similis is proved by the Similis of 
Ox. Pap. II 237 VIII 21 whom, as said above, he identifies with our 
Similis, but this seems improbable from Ox. Pap. IV 712. One strong 
support for the form Simius fell when Wilcken, Hermes 37 (1902) 
pp. 84 ff. (88) revised the reading of BGU 140. He has restored with 
great probability the names of the consuls and the time accords with 
a better reading of the prefect's name, 'Pd/x/xie for 2fyy«e, referring to 
Rammius Martialis, prefect under Hadrian. 

76 Cf. Wilcken, Grundsiige I p. LVIII. 

77 Of. Grenfell and Hunt, introd. to Amherst Pap. II 64. 

78 Cantarelli, p. 84 n. 37, thinks the date is not the thirteenth year of 
Trajan, but 25 Phamenoth of the fifteenth year, i.e., March 21, 112. 

79 See no. 30. 

80 For he took office unwillingly (Dio I.e.), and we may assume 
from the same passage that he had been in office almost continuously. 

81 See no. 39. 

82 The Thracian Chersonese was bequeathed by Agrippa to Augustus ; 
cf. Hirschfeld in Klio II (1902) p. 47; Gardthausen, Augustus II p. 412 
n. 25. The proc. provinc. Hellespont(i) of V 875 (see no. 4) seems 
to be different from this procurator regionis; cf. Hirschfeld, /. c. n. 3. 

83 As to the meaning of 5v dvdp&v, etc., in this inscription, see Klebs 
in Pros. I p. 460 n. 1164; Boeckh, CIG 1186 p. 592; Frankel, IG IV 
795. The term seems to refer to the duoviri at the head of the city, 
and Pulcher was not, as Boeckh thought, a propraetor of the Roman 
state, since he was of equestrian rank (Klebs). Frankel conjectures 
that assistants of the duoviri were appointed by the city and in imita- 
tion of the imperial officials were called avTi<rTp&T7jyoi {pro praetore) 
but with an added dv'&vSp&v to distinguish them from the propraetors 
of the empire. 

84 This is the opinion of Klebs, I.e., ''for," he says, "it is apparent 
from the introduction that Pulcher had been much concerned in pub- 
lic affairs." Hirschfeld, V erw? p. 351 n. 6, and Stein in PW IV 1421 
n. 295, agree with him. Dessau, Hermes 45 (1910) p. 14, says without 
hesitation : "Aus der romischen Oolonie Corinthus stammte der Freund 
Plutarchs, Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, der unter Trajan ritterliche Offizier- 
stelle und Verwaltungsposten bekleidete." 

85 Powell, Am. Jour, of Arch. 1903 p. 50, misconstrues the words of 
the inscription when he says, "I have not found the title iirirpoiro$ of 
both Egypt and Alexandria occurring elsewhere;" c. f. Stein in PW 
Suppl. I 330; Hirschfeld, /. c; Dessau, /. c. 

86 Stein in PW IV 1421, says the inscription was erected after 
Trajan's death, for the games mentioned were for his worship, but 
in the Suppl., /. c, he agrees with Frankel. 

54' 



87 This office may have been present in the complete inscription IG 
IV 795- 

88 u^ Prifernio priores, etiam Bembus, quod praenomen, licet filius 
P. f. dicatur, potest retineri si sumas patrem P. iMemmium Apollinarem 
post natum filium et emancipatum a T. Prifernio quodam adoptatum 
esse, patrem ei adscribi naturalem" (Mommsen's note to IX 4753 1 ) . 

89 Klein, p. 184, puts his procuratorship of Sicily between about 103 
and no because the Dacian campaign in which he served is not in- 
dicated. Peaks, p. 172, evidently assuming tthat it was the first, 101- 
102, places his term in Noricum not before 106. As to the order of his 
cursus, see Peaks, p. 167 nn. 4 and 10. 

90 Since he is not called divus. Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 40, puts 
the later official career of Paetus about 120. I see no reason for this 
date. 

91 "Loco ubi tituli [VI] 221 et 222 inventi sunt fuit statio cohortis V 
vigilum ad quam ambo spectant" (note in CIL). 

92 Hadrian received the tribunician power Aug. 11, 117 (Cagnat, 
Qours p. 195) and the Egyptian New Year fell m 117 on Aug. 29. 
Therefore his first year comprised from Aug. 11 to Aug. 29, 117; cf. 
Wilcken, Grundsiige I p. LVIII ; AP V (1913) P- 44<>; Hunt, Ox. Pap. 
VII 1023, note. 

93 See no. 30. 

94 Kornemann, Giessen Pap. I p. 18 (1912) (cf. Klio VII [1907] p. 288) 
had conjectured, not having seen Ox. Pap. VII 1023, that the change 
took place shortly after Hadrian became emperor. Stein in PW 
zweite Reihe I 135-6 n. 2 (cf, ib. 11263 f. n. 23) concludes from this 
papyrus that he was sent as prefect within a few days after Hadrian 
became emperor. Of course it is possible that immediately after the 
death of Trajan, Hadrian, who was in the East, sent the new prefect 
to Egypt. Trajan 'however had good reason to be dissatisfied with 
Lupus because he had not been able to deal with the Jews in a vigorous 
fashion, and, in fact, sent Marcius Turbo to put down their insurrec- 
tion. It is therefore quite probable that Trajan may have sent Mar- 
tialis as prefect. The small number of days (17 at most) between the 
time when Hadrian became emperor and the publication of Ox. Pap. 
VII 1023 adds color to this view. 

95 Wilcken in Hermes 37 (1902) pp. 84 f. This papyrus had previous- 
ly been referred to Sulpicius Similis (see no. 23) from the reading 
'Zilfj./jue. 

96 Pros. Ill p. 48 n. 370 (p. 50). 

97 Or Ilax&vX, i.e., May 25, 116. 

98 See no. 23. 

99 See no. 27. 

100 The order of the name is exceptional, as Felix is also a cogno- 
men. 

101 It has been doubtful until recently whether the threefold division 
of Egypt existed much before Hadrian. Claudius Ptolemaeus (middle 
of second century after Christ) first mentions it. Wilcken, Griech. 
Ostraka I pp. 426-7, thought the division was made between 68 A.'D. 
(edict of Iulius Alexander, CIG III. 4957-47 f-) and 130, when Hadrian 

55 



founded Antinoe and evidently found the name'E^ra vofiolKal' A.p<nvotT-qt 
well established, for, when adding another district (Antinoetes), he 
did not change the name. But now from Tebt. Pap. II n. 302. 25, we 
know that the division existed in 71-2, and Martin in Les Epistrateges, 
Geneva, 191 1, pp. 87 f., from a new reading in the edict of Alexander, 
has shown that the three parts may be named there. Further, he gives 
reasons (pp. 89 ff.) with which Wilcken, Grundziige I p. 35, seems in- 
clined to agree, for thinking that Augustus established this division. 
Martin, op. cit. p. 94, thinks that Hadrian took the Letopolites, which 
had belonged to this division, and added it to Lower Egypt, so as to 
keep the number the same. 

102 There is a Hermupolis Minor in the Delta, but probably the 
larger is meant here; cf. Stein in PW Suppl. I 321 n. 375 a. 

103 See no. 30. 

10i His reasons were: from the same place comes the inscription 
(XI 5212) of a senator of like name; among the offices is that of 
praefectus Aegypti; the province of Armenia Maior, which is men- 
tioned, existed only in the last years of Trajan. 

105 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 57 n. 4, thinks he was censitor while prae- 
fectus equitum; cf. Unger, Lpz. St. 10 (1888) p. 30. — The Onomasticon 
tot. Lat., Perin I 115 and 284, and the Thesaurus ling. Lat. II 21 and 
2199-2200, make Britto equivalent to Britannus and Anavio, a place in 
Britain. Borghesi, Opp. V p. 5, thought the Brittones were from the 
mainland, now Bretagne; cf. Hiibner in PW III 861; Mommsen, Eph. 
ep. V 177 n. 1 ; Unger, I.e. 

106 Trajan conquered Armenia and formed it into a province in 114, 
and from then until Hadrian became emperor, it was ruled by a legate 
(Vit. Had. 21. 11: Armeniis regem habere permisit [Hadrianus] cum 
sub Traiano legatum lhabuissent) ; cf. Dierauer, Gesch. Trajans pp. 
163-4. Hadrian seems to have given it up on his arrival in Rome 
{Vit. Had. 9.1: inter haec tamen et multas provincias a Traiano ad- 
quisitas reliquit) ; cf. Borghesi, Opp. V pp. 18 ff. 

107 Of the gladiatorial schools of Rome (ludus magnus, matutinus, 
Dacicus, Gallicus) the first two, at least, were under the supervision of 
procurators ; cf . (Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 289. 

1108 Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 65. 1. Mommsen, St. R. Ill p. 490 n. 2, 
thinks the bureau a censibus was merely a subdivision of that a libellis, 
since they are often closely connected in inscriptions. Hirschfeld, 
op. cit. pp. 65 ff ., would give the a censibus wider functions ; cf . Mat- 
tingly, Imp. Civil Service of Rome, Cambridge, 1910, pp. 53'f. ; Schurz, 
pp. 31-2; Friedlander, I pp. 178 f. 

109 De Ricci in Nouv. rev. de droit franc, et etr. 1906 p. 478 ap. 
Cantarelli, p. 88 n. 40, thinks he succeeded Rammius Martialis in the 
last part of 120. 

110 Stein in PW VII 2514-5 n. 8, is of the opinion that he held office 
at least until Sept. 17, 124, from two fragments of papyri of that date 
published in AP II (1903) p. 125 (Wilcken), in which occur the words 
Kpa\rlaTo\) yjye/n^dvos. 

111 Renier, Melanges d'epigraphie pp. 61 f., correctly referred this in- 
scription to D. Iulius iCapito, by a comparison with XII 1869 and 1870. 

56 



e even in Caesar's time, as we 
it. IV 17. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
nclude from this example that 

census, 
ascription does not of course 
led at this time a separate 
no districts had been governed 
50 long (see note under no. 7) 
d somewhat in the light of a 
;en formed into a province in 
ispoulet, Rev. \phil. 34 (1910) 
id reason, that they were not 
tie. For other views and for 

this district was a governing 

ndo) under Trajan, and the 
t Trajan was alive when the 

ind a porticus M. frumentaria 
Gilbert, Gesch. u. Topog. d. 
Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) 
k At the latter of these the 
Apuleius De mundo 35 : alius 
schfeld, Verw. 2 p. 238; Mar- 

procurator Minutiae (III S. 
proc. Aug. ad Miniciam (as 

65, Verw. 1 p. 134. He seems 
is annonae; cf. Marquardt, II 
us the porticus Minucia was 
irelli in Bull. com. 1901 pp. 
so Rostowzew in Klio Erstes 

in PW IV 1780-1. 
yyos is kept for this Roman 
ion shows that the emperor 
The identity is also shown 

in 1. 3 1 is designated iwlTpowos. 

1. 

; referred to the same man. 

ian." 

refer to the same man. P. 
\, Praeneste) should perhaps 
:curs only once (III 6017). 
and XIV 3039, we can con- 
:ste and estates on the Ilva; 

im Attianum, Vit. Had. 1.4 
um Tatianum, Cod. Palat.) 
s, Dio 69. 1 ; Tartavos, Zon. 



founded Antinoe and evidentl; 
well established, for, when a 
did not change the name. Bi 
know that the division existed 
Geneva, 191 1, pp. 87 f., from ; 
has shown that the three parts 
reasons (pp. 89 ff.) with whic 
clined to agree, for thinking 
Martin, op. cit. p. 94, thinks t 
had belonged to this division, 
keep the number the same. 

102 There is a Hermupolis 
larger is meant here ; cf. Steir 

103 See no. 30. 

104 His reasons were: froi 
(XI 5212) of a senator of 1 
praefectus Aegypti; the prov 
tioned, existed only in the la 

105 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 57 
fectus equitum; cf. Unger, Lp 
tot. Lat., Perin I 115 and 284 
2199-2200, make Britto equiva 
Britain. Borghesi, Opp. V p. 
mainland, now Bretagne ; cf . 
ep. V 177 n. 1 ; Unger, I.e. 

106 Trajan conquered Arme 
and from then until Hadrian 
{Vit. Had. 21. 11: Armeniis 
sub Traiano legatum lhabuis 
163-4. Hadrian seems to ha 
( Vit. Had. 9. 1 : inter haec ta 
quisitas reliquit) ; cf. Borghe 

107 Of the gladiatorial schc 
Dacicus, Gallicus) the first tv 
procurators ; cf . Hirschfeld, 

1,08 Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. ( 
thinks the bureau a censibus < 
since they are often closel; 
op. cit. pp. 65 ff., would give 
tingly, Imp. Civil Service of 
pp. 31-2; Friedlander, I pp. 

109 De Ricci in Nouv. rev 
Cantarelli, p. 88 n. 40, think; 
last part of 120. 

110 Stein in PW VII 2514-; 
at least until Sept. 17, 124, fi 
published in AP II (1903) P- 
Kpa\rl<TTov 7]y€/x"\6vos. 

111 Renier, Melanges d'epig 
scription to D. Iulius Capito, 



From 











2 








H 








r & 








b 3J 








CD f- 

7} - 








> 03 








3 E 








■< > 








X 3 








>•< 
-I __ 






r 


m r 








n o 






CO 


> 

z 


> 


r 



> 

IB 




0) 


> 


.< 




X 


z 






Z 

Q 


D 







H 


< 







O 









Z 


en 


z 




D 



2 


Q 
m 




O 




0) 
0) 




ro 

















Ol 








£> 








O 







112 The Remi were a federated people even in Caesar's time, as we 
see from BG II 3 f. ; cf. Plin. Hist. nat. IV 17. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
pp. 57-8, remarks that we are not to conclude from this example that 
all federated districts had a separate census. 

113 The term provinc(iae) of this inscription does not of course 
mean that Asturia and Oallaecia formed at this time a separate 
province in the technical sense, but the two districts had been governed 
apart from the rest of Hither Spain for so long (see note under no. 7) 
that they were beginning to be regarded somewhat in the light of a 
province. They seem in fact to have been formed into a province in 
the beginning of the third century. IMispoulet, Rev. iphil. 34 (1910) 
pp. 320 ff., thinks, and perhaps with good reason, that they were not 
made into a separate province at this time. For other views and for 
Hirschfeld's idea that the procurator of this district was a governing 
procurator, see note under no. 7. 

114 He was praef(ectus) i(ure) d(icundo) under Trajan, and the 
form of the emperor's name shows that Trajan was alive when the 
inscription was cut. 

115 There was a porticus Minicia vetus and a porticus M. frumentaria 
at Rome; see Platner, Topog. 1 p. 352; Gilbert, Gesch. u. Topog. d. 
Stadt Rom III pp. 1144. 1 and 286.1; cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) 
p. 63, and IMarquardt, II p. 128 and n. 6. At the latter of these the 
monthly distribution of grain took pllace (Apuleius De mundo 35: alius 
ad Miniciam frumentatum venit; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 238; Mar- 
quardt, /. c.) under the supervision of the procurator Minutiae (III S. 
6753), or Mini[ciae] (VI 1648), or the proc. Aug. ad Miniciam (as 
here) ; cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 65, Verw. 1 p. 134. He seems 
to have been a subordinate of the praefectus annonae; cf. Marquardt, II 
pp. 132-3 ; Hirschfeld, /. c. Under Severus the porticus Minucia was 
associated with the water supply (Cantarelli in Bull. com. 1901 pp. 
182-3; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 239). Cf. also Rostowzew in Klio Erstes 
Erganzung Bd. Ill pp. 15-17; Kornemann in PW IV 1780-1. 

116 In Greek texts the old title itnarpaTfiyos is kept for this Roman 
officer, but the Latin title in this inscription shows that the emperor 
identified the office with a procuratorship. The identity is also shown 
from BGU I 168, where the i-mffTpdrriyos in 1. 3 1 is designated iirlTpowos. 
On the Heptanomis see note under no. 31. 

117 CIL III S. 14214 23 is probably to be referred to the same man. 
Peaks, p. 172, says "not later than Hadrian." 

118 Dio 69. 1 = Zon. 11. 23. 

119 P. Acili Attiani (XI 2607) seems to refer to the same man. P. 
Aci[d]i Attiani (XIV 3039, fistula plumbea, Praeneste) should perhaps 
be restored P. Aci[l]i Attiani. Acidius occurs only once (III 6017). 
From XI 2067, perhaps a stamp for pipe, and XIV 3039, we can con- 
jecture that Attianus had a villa at Praeneste and estates on the Ilva; 
cf. Hiilsen, Rom. Mitth. 18 (1903) pp. 64-7. 

120 The name is variously spelled: Caelium Attianum, Vit. Had. 1.4 
(celium Tacianum, Codex Bamberg.; caelium Tatianum, Cod. Palat.) 
corrupted into Atutinum, ib. 8. 7; 'Arriavos. Dio 69. 1; Tartavos, Zon. 
11. 23. 

57 



121 It is accepted by Hirschfeld and Dessau ap. Kornemann, Klio V. 
(1905) p. 291; by Dessau also in Hermes 45 (1910) p. 10 n. 2; by 
Weber, n. 77; and taken as settled by Premerstein, Attentat. 

122 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. x p. 225 and esp. Plew, pp. 35 f ., who also 
says that the story of the adoption was forged by Attianus and Plotina, 
and that Attianus probably won over the troops. Weber, p. 21, as- 
sumes that he was prefect under Trajan, when naming those who ac- 
companied him to the East. 

123 Cf. Groag in PW III 1256; Rohden in PW I 503; see also under 
no. 39. 

124 Cf. Stappers in Musee Beige 7 (1903) p. 204: the duty of the 
praefectus gentis "consistait avant tout a surveiller les chefs indigenes, 
les ca'ids et les cheiks. lis etaient charges peut-etre de la perception des 
impots et du recrutement des soldats auxiliaires : il est probable qu'ils 
organisaient, dans le pays meme, des troupes d'irreguliers, pour pro- 
teger leur propre territoire et pour occuper les chateaux forts, 
defendant la contree." Cf. Cagnat, Armee pp. 265 f. 

125 The title and the direct appointment show that he was an ex- 
traordinary official for buying up grain for use in Rome. His later 
career indicates that he had the rank of an imperial procurator; cf. 
Hirschfeld in Phil 29 (1870 )pp. 81 f., and Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 123. 

126 The territory placed under ihim as procurator of domains was 
unusually large. It embraced the district of Hippo Regius in the 
north of Numidia and that of Theveste in the south. The title also is 
unusual, for we should expect tractuum instead of saltuum; cf. Hirsch- 
feld in Klio II (1902) p. 297. Saltus and praedia were the single 
domains which, together formed regiones and tractus, at the head of 
each of which was a procurator of equestrian rank. Sometimes two 
tractus were united under one procurator. Freedmen as procurators 
were placed at the head of the smaller sections. 

127 Cf. Klein, pp. 185-6. 

128 1 have supplied this praenomen from Eph. ep. IV 822: C. 
Gall[o]nio C. f. Q. Ma[r]cio Turboni, C. Gall[o]nio C. f. C. . . . 
Tu[r]boni Pr. . . . iher[edes]. Our Marcius Turbo is without doubt 
one of those mentioned here. 

129 Fit. Had 4.2 (quoted under no. 10). Weber, p. 51 n. 173, thinks 
that dona militaria were given him for distinction in this expedition. 
He draws his conclusion from the last letters of XIV 4243 : Q. Marcio 
Turboni Frontoni Publicio Severo . . . s donis donato . . . ico. 
Domaszewski, ap. Weber, I.e., suggests the restoration Parthico and 
expresses the belief that because of his bravery ihere, Trajan sent 
Turbo on the extraordinary command against the Jews. This is a 
logical suggestion. Dessau, Pros. II p. 339 n. 179, previously suggested 
that perhaps these dona were given for service against the Jews. 

130 Eusebius says that in the 18th year of Trajan the trouble started, 
and tihat in the 19th year (117 according to the chroniclers) it became 
so great that Marcius Turbo was sent to quell it. In Hier. Euseb. 
Chron. the same events cover three years. Dierauer, Gesch. Traj. p. 
183 n. 1., has doubts about these dates, but he thinks the determining 
point is that Turbo was sent directly after the withdrawal from Atra, 
whidh took place in the first of 117. 

58 



131 Wilcken in Hermes 27 (1892) p. 472, and SchuSrer, Gesch. d. Jud. 
Volkes I 3 p. 664 n. 2, thought he was sent as prefect of Egypt. Jung, 
p. 2, follows them. This view was objected to by Meyer in Hermes 
32 (1897) pp. 217-218; cf. also Domaszewski ap. Weber, p. 53 n. 185; 
Cantarelli, pp. 86-7; Premerstein, Attentat p. 17 n. 4 (p. 18). Turbo 
was sent on an extraordinary military mission and when this was 
fulfilled he returned. The inscription found in Mauretania (see 
above) with the title proc. Aug. seems to me to dispose of the question 
decisively, for he would not have been made procurator of Mauretania 
after having been prefect of Egypt. 

132 Syncell. 659. I : 'ASpiavbs 'lovSalovs tear ' AXe^avSpiuv <rTa<ria£oPTas 
iKoXacrev = Hieron. ab Abr. 2133 (first year of Hadrian) : Hadrianus 
Iudaeos capit secundo contra Romanos rebellantes. 

133 "Vers l'an 118," says Cagnat, Armee p. 45. Schulz p. 37, says he 
went "vermutlich noch um die Mitte x\ugust 117," with which Korne- 
mann, Kaiser Had. p. 26 n. 3, agrees; cf. Rohden in PW I 501 (top). 

134 "La mission que Marcius Turbo remplit sans doute avec le titre 
de procurator fut de courte duree," De Lessert, I pp. 481 f . The title 
is confirmed by the inscription found at Rapidum. 

135 The calling of Turbo from Mauretania followed directly after 
Hadrian's arrival in Moesia, i.e., the end of 117, or more probably 
the beginning of 118; cf. Kornemann, op.cit. p. 26; Weber, pp. 59 and 
73; Diirr, pp. 18 f. ; Rohden in PW I 502; Schulz, p. 38; Jung, p. 2. 

136 Marcius Turbo was not, however, an ordinary substitute governor. 
Rather, he stood above the governors as the emperor's representative 
in an extraordinary military command; cf. Keyes, Rise of Equites, p. 
3 n. 2 (p. 4), and see above under no. 4. 

137 There are in general two opposing views regarding Turbo's com- 
mand on the Danube: one, that the statements in Vit. Had. 6. 7 and 7. 3 
are two accounts of the same thing (Diirr, p. 16. 46; Hirschfeld, 
Verw. 2 p. 347 n. 4; Jung, p. 2; Dessau, Pros. II p. 340; Schulz, p. 30; 
Kornemann, Kaiser Had. pp. 24 f.) ; the other, that the two statements 
refer to two successive steps in his career (P. Meyer in Hermes 32 
(1897) p. 218 n. 1; Cantarelli, pp. 86 f. ; Weber, pp. 73 f . ; Premerstein, 
Attentat pp. 17 f.). Domaszewski, Serta Harteliana p. 9 n. 8, thinks he 
was invested with the command as praefectus praetorio; cf. his Gesch. 
d. rb'm. Kaiser II p. 189. He argues from Vita 6. 7 in connection with 
CIL III 1462. Kornemann shows that this could not have been, for 
then "waren drei Gardekommandariten anzunehmen, eine Neuerung die 
erst in der Zeit des Commodus vorkommt." Premerstein, /. c, goes 
so far in his view as to form conjectural titles for the two steps; 
these seem, however, rather far-fetched. Turbo may have been given 
different power after Hadrian had gone to Rome than when the em- 
peror was in the province or making short journeys from it (cf. 
Premerstein op. cit. p. 19), but he was holding an extraordinary com- 
mand in any case, and the prefecture of Egypt was probably used 
more by way of comparison than as the office which he actually held; 
cf . Kornemann, op. cit. p. 26 : "dass Turbo als Oberkommandant an der 
Danau den Titel eines praefectus Aegypti erhalten haben, kann icth 
schlechterdings nicht glauben." I have followed above Kornemann's 

59 



compromise which seems as near a solution as the available sources 
allow. 

138 Cf. Rohden in PW I 503; Kornemann, op. cit. pp. 27-8. 

139 Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 p. 225 n. 34. 

140 The way in .which Fronto mentions him in a letter to Pius (3 p. 
165 ed. Naber) makes this seem probable. 

141 On the place, cf. Wilcken in AP III (1906) pp. 3051. 

142 The epistrategus mentioned in Giessen Pap. n. 10 is Philoxenus, 
though no name occurs ; cf . ib. p. 160 III n. 10. 

143 Hadrian received tribunician power the second time on Dec. 10, 
117, the third time on Dec. 10, 118. He was consul the second time 
from Jan. 1, 118, the third, from Jan. 1, 119. Therefore trib. pot. II 
cot. Ill is impossible. The date should be either trib. pot. II cos. II 
(Dec. 10, 117-Dec. 10, 118) or trib. pot. Ill cos. Ill (Dec. 10, 118-Dec. 
10, 119). Trib. pot. Ill cos. II (Dec. 10, 118-Jan. 1, 119) is possible, 
but hardly probable; cf. Cagnat, Corns p. 195- 

144 An inscription of the time of Diocletian (VIII 21665) shows 
that Ain-Temouchent corresponds to Albulae of the Itinerary of An- 
toninus 36. 5. This inscription seems to show that under Hadrian 
there was at this place a small fort called Sufative. 

145 See no. 39. 

146 'Bassus, no. 63, and Gellius Bassus, no. 77, were epistrategi of the 
Heptanomis, while this is the one of the three divisions of Egypt 
of which Bassus, no. 42, was not epistrategus. 

147 Cf. Rohden, Be Palaestina et Arabia (1885) p. 2; Giglioli in 
Notisie 1914 p. 83. 

148 This is the first occurrence of the official title of the epistrategus 
of Tower Egypt. Martin, who has made an exhaustive study of this 
official (Les epistrateges, Geneva, 1911), conjectured that the title 
might be iinaTpdTrjyos rrjs k&tu x^paj, or in Latin, procurator Augusti 
ad epistrategiatn regionis inferioris (pp. 99 f.). We now know that 
he was named from the city where he resided and that this city was 
Pelusium, one of the three important cities of the Delta, and with 
Memphis and Alexandria forming the three usual conventus cities of 
Egypt; cf. Wilcken, "Der Agyptische Konvent" in AP IV (1908) pp. 
366 f. 

149 €f. XIV 1594 (Ostia) : D. M. C. Septici Cissi fecit Diapyrus 
Septici Clari s. filio carissimo. vix. [an.] mens X d. III. This inscrip- 
tion probably refers to a freedman of Septicius Glarus and in connec- 
tion with the above reference from Pliny shows that his praenomen 
was Gaius. 

150 Cf. no. 39, and Rohden in PW I 503. 

151 Cf. no. 23. 

152 Diirr, p. 36. Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, 425, gives his 
date as praefectus, 119-121. — Pliny wrote him a number of letters and 
at his suggestion collected and published his letters {Epp. 1. i)-. To 
him while praef. praet. Suetonius dedicated his Lives of the Caesars 
(Lydus De mag. 2. 6) . At first he was raised to high honors by 
Hadrian but was afterward counted as an enemy (Vit. Had. 15.2). Cf. 
Pros. Ill p. 201 n. 302; .Mommsen, /. c. 

60 



153 Concerning him see further Pros. II p. 14 n. 89; PW V 975 n. 
126; Philostratus I.e. (remainder of chapter). 

154 *ar^\e£e rots ev t<£ Movpelip <titov/x4voi.s. 

155 Dio 69. 3. 

156 See no. 46. 

157 See no. 55. 

158 The MSS of the De grammaticis et rhetoribus and of the Lives 
of the Caesars give his three names; see Reifferscheid, De gram, et 
rhet. p. 98. 

159 This expression is not to be taken as the usual one for the 
secretary. It does not occur in the inscriptions of the second century; 
cf. Friedlander, I p. 185. 

160 Rohden in PW I 503 ; Friedlander, /. c. 

161 Lydus De mag. 2. 6. 

162 Diirr, p. 36. Mommsen in Plin. Epp., ed. Keil, p. 426, puts his 
removal from office in 121. 

163 See no. 44. 

164 Cf. Friedlander, I p. 187; Schmidt in PW III 1870 n. 13, says, 
"bei Hadrian oder einem der beiden ersten Antonine." See also 
Teuffel-Schwabe, Rom. Lit. 6th ed., §352. 3b. He may have been 
identical with Caninius Celer, the rhetorician, the teacher of L. Verus 
(Vit. Veri 2.5). 

16 s Cf. Rohden in Pros. Ill p. 55 n. 400. 

166 By Rohden, /. c, and Volkmann, Leben Plutarchs I p. 91. 

167 Dessau in Hermes 45 (1910) pp. 615-17, discusses the matter and 
expresses his disbelief in the statement of Syncellus. 

168 Cf. Rohden, I.e.; Dessau, I.e. 

169 There is no evidence for the post of praefectura vehiculorum 
before Hadrian (Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 194 n. 1). The legio XXII 
Deiotariana was formerly supposed to have ceased to exist under 
Trajan. We now know that it still existed in 119, from Wilcken's 
revised reading of BGU 140 in Hermes 37 (1902) pp. 86 f. ; see note 
under no. 27. Therefore Iuncinus may have been tribune of this 
legion later than had been supposed, but still Hirschfeld, /. c, seems to 
be right in considering him the earliest example of praefectus vehicu- 
lorum. 

170 The iuridicus had his permanent residence at Alexandria (cf. 
Ulpian Dig. 1.20.2: iuridico qui Alexandreae agit) and is therefore 
usually called iuridicus Alexandreae ; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 351. 
In a Greek inscription of Hadrian's time he is called Myuvrov ko.1 'AXe- 
Zavdpelas diKcuoSorrjs ; see no. 25. 

17l! Unger (Lps. St. 10 [1887] p. 34) thinks he held this office in the 
early part of Hadrian's reign : "Nam constat procuratura quattuor 

publicorum Africae neminem exornatum esse nisi compluribus 

procuraturis provincialibus bene administratis." 

172 In Friedlander, I p. 187, from ". . . wovi. " which remains 
in the Greek inscription. 

173 The prefect of Egypt, being in a special sense the representative 
of the emperor, was the manager of the finances of the province. 
He filled the same position in regard to the finances as the Ptolemaic 

61 



dioiKJTijs, Under him in the time of the empire there probably- 
stood a procurator with the title 6 Sioiktjt^s, of higher rank than the 
other financial procurators; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw? p. 349; Wilcken, 
Gr. Ostraka I p. 498 and Grundziige I p. 156; Rostowzew, Staatspacht 
pp. 459 f. From the evidence we possess (cf. Wilcken, Grundziige I p. 
156 n. 5) we cannot tell the relation between him and the Ptolemaic 
officer of like name. It is also impossible to tell whether he is iden- 
tical with the proc. ad dioecesin Alexandres of our inscriptions. 
Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 359, is inclined to think that he is not, but cf. 
Wilcken, /. c. See also Meyer in Festschrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 

MS.*- 

174 The title procurator bibliothecarum seems to be the same as 
a bibliothecis. 

175 15. 3 : Eudaemonem prius conscium imperii ad egestatem perduxit 
[Hadrianus]. — An attempt has been made to identify Eudaemon 
with Valerius Eudaemon, praefectus Aegypti in 145 (Meyer in Fest- 
schrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 145 f . ; cf. Stein in PW VI 884). It seems 
to me unlikely that they were the same. There are nine procuratorships 
given in the Greek inscription, and it would probably have been neces- 
sary for Eudaemon to have been praefectus vigilum or praefectus 
annonae before holding the prefecture of Egypt. The length of career 
would seem to raise a presumption against the identity. Hirschfeld 
is likewise of the opinion that they were not identical, and remarks, 
Verw. 2 p. 359, n. 3, "doch ist der Name in Agyp'ten nicht selten." 

176 See note under no. 17. 

177 vi 977: Imp. Hadriano Aug. n. p. p., M. Petronius Sura proc. cum 
Mamertino et Antonino liberis. ex arg. p. us. See no. 75. 

178 This title was not assumed officially until 128 (cf. Rohden in 
PW I 500) although it appears on coins and inscriptions before this. 
Therefore the restoration here is doubtful. 

179 "Dass Iulius Fronto die Flotte zehn Jahre lang befehligt haben 
kdnne, lasst sich nicht in Abrede stelleri, da die wenigen Documente, die 
wir besitzen, nicht iiber die normale Amtsdauer eines Flottenprafekten 
belehren und nur Falle von zufalligen Amtsenthebungen angeben. 
Auch ware bei der wenig entwickelten Neigung der Romer fur den 
Beruf des Seemanns eine langere Dauer solcher Stellungen an sich 
gewiss nicht auffallend" (Tocilesco, p. 154). This does not seem to 
have been the Iulius Fronto mentioned by Ulpian Dig. 48. 19. 5 {Pros. 
II p. 193 n. 219) : Absentem in criminalibus damnari non debere divus 
Traianus Iulio Frontoni rescripsit ; cf . Mommsen ap. Tocilesco, /. c. : 
"La damnatio absentis appartient a la jurisdiction non militaire et se 
comporte peu avec un emploi ordinis equestris." 

180 Seneca erected II 1267, which gives his cursus in ascending order 
omitting praef. classis Misenensis. This inscription is suspected by 
Hiibner. 

181 Marquardt, I p. 257 n. 6, gives this title as occurring only after 
Septimius Severus and cites these two inscriptions (II 1178, 1267) of 
Calpurnius Seneca and II 484, which Hubner refers to that time. 
Perrero, Memorie della reale accademia delle scienze di Torino 49 pp. 
285 and 299, refers II 1178 to the same man as the prefect of III Dipl. 
XXXV. 

62 



182 See no. 52. 

183 According to IGR I 1078 which reads Moi.<na[vov] , with date 
0(i0 k$' (Sept. 24). Plaumann, PW IX 901, prefers Moesia[nus] and 
gives his date as between 120-1 and 122-3. 

184 The date of this inscription has been variously given. Schwein- 
furth in Petermann, Geog. Mitth. 20 (1875) p. 392, dated it 155, reading 

erovs rf tov avroKparopos . That this could not be right was shown 

by Stein in Hermes 32 (1897) p. 666, for in 155 M. Sempronius Lat- 
eralis was prefect (cf. Cantarelli, p. 95 n. 48), and before him several 
others held the office (cf. Cantarelli, pp. 91 f.). The reading of the 
inscription in CIG 4955 and adopted by Cagnat, as given above, is to 
be preferred. 

185 This date is according to the new reading y j, instead of c b 
as suggested by Grenfell and Hunt in Ox. Pap. Ill v>. 175 note, and ac- 
cepted by Meyer in AP III (1906) p. 67 n. 2. The old reading was 
uncertain, while the new avoids the conflict in dates as explained by 
Grenfell and Hunt, /. c. 

186 His praenomen occurs in III 6025 and AE 1896 p. 14 n. 41 as well 
as in BGU 113. 

187 Dio 71.22. 

188 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 1 p. 257 n. 4. 

189 See no. 75. 

190 He seems to have been identical with the philosopher Heliodorus 
with whom Hadrian was on familiar terms {Vit. Had. 16.10), al- 
though the fact that he was advanced to the prefecture of Egypt un- 
der Hadrian does not harmonize well with the statement of the 
biographer, 15. 5 : quern idem famosissimis litteris lacessivit. He may 
have regained favor later, or the statement may be overdrawn. 

191 Cf . Cantarelli, p. 91 n. 44. 

192 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 363 and n.i. Wilcken in Hermes 23 (1888) 
pp. 600 f., Gr. Ostraka I pp. 643 f., Grundziige, I 1 pp. 114 and 126 f., 
Otto, Priester u. Temp el I pp. 58 f., and Plaumann in PW IX 893 f., 
would combine the offices of idiologus and high priest at least as early 
as 122-3, relying mainly on BGU I 250. Rostowzew in Phil. 57 (1898) 
p. 574, agrees with them. P. Meyer, Festschrift zu 0. Hirschfeld pp. 
159 f., and Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 357 n. 2 (cf. p. 363 n. 1), think the evi- 
dence is insufficient to assume this for the second century. For the 
third century the evidence is conclusive (see references given above). 
Plaumann in PW IX 901, gives Teimocrates as priest or idologus be- 
fore 123, from Tebt. Pap. II 297. 

193 "With this naming of the chief city of Egypt on equal footing 
with the country itself, cf. the title of the first prefect, C. Cornelius 
Gallus, praefect[us Alex]andreae et Aegypti (AE 1896 n. 43) and 
Alytiirrov /cat ' A\e£av8pelas diKaioddrris (no. 25 above), and cf. Hirschfeld, 
Verzu. 2 pp. 346 f. and 360. 

194 Otto, op. cit. p. 59 n. 1, pp. 66 f ., p. 197 n. 8, would put some of his 
earlier offices, beginning with the presidency of the Museum, before 
Hadrian, and would place the priesthood (combined with the office of 
idiologus) last, during the early years of Hadrian. Jung, W. St. 14 
(1892) pp. 257 f., begins his cursus with ab epistulis. This is certainly 
not correct. 

63 



195 Cf. Pros. I p. 189 n. 1171; Chapot, p. 307. 

196 The date of the papyrus cannot be definitely fixed. It is as- 
signed by Wessely to the second century. 

197 On the date to be assigned to Maximianus as iuridicus, cf. Meyer 
in AP III (1906) p. 104. 

198 The identification is suggested by Martin in AP VI (1913) P- 216. 

199 Titianus is mentioned in many other papyri. The inscription 
XIII 1804 ( . . ,[F]l(avio) T. fil. Q[uir.] Titiano [pr]oc. Aug. provin- 
cial [Lu]g. et Aquitanicae, proc. [pa]trimoni, proc. pro [v. Gajlat. [et 
Pon]t. proc. pro[v. . . .]) is of doubtful date and cannot be referred 
to him as was done by Roulez, "Leg. propreteurs et procurateurs" p. 51 
{Mem. roy. acad. de Belg., 1875) ; cf. Dessau, Pros. II p. 76 n. 252; PW 
VI 2620 n. 194; CIL XIII 1804 note. 

200 See no. 32. 

201 See no. 75- 

202 See G. Radet in Bull corr. hell. 11 (1887) pp. 114 f. 

203 Cf. Bassus, no. 42, and Gellius Bassus, no. 77. 

204 Cf. Ferrero, Memorie accad. Torino 49 p. 299. 

205 This long inscription gives decrees of the Lycian state, letters 
of Roman officials and of the Emperor Hadrian by which Opramoas, 
a native of Rhodiapolis, was honored between the years 124 and 153. 
The dates given are those fixed by Heberdey, Opramoas Inschriften 
vom Heroon zu Rhodiapolis, Vienna, 1897, ap. Cagnat, IGR III 739 
P- 293. 

206 Weber, p. 225 and n. 801, follows Heberdey in taking this as a 

return to Rhodiapolis: "Hadrian ist Fruhjahr 129 in Rhodiapolis 

gewesen , 130-1 hat er zum zweitenmal die Gegend besucht" 

(p. 226). 

207 Cf. Marquardt, I pp. 375 f. 

208 Cf . de Lessert, I p. 484. Kornemann. Kaiser Hadrian pp. 53 f ., 
discusses the year of his visit carefully. 

209 "Munera videntur vere, ut monui Ephem. ep. IV p. 285, ad tem- 
pora enumerari, cum expeditio Britannica omnino sit Hadriani; id si 
ita est, Sabinus equestribus militiis perfunctus et equestribus donis 
donatus deinde ex equite centurio factus ita denuo ad alteros honores 
equestres pervenit" (note in CIL). 

210 Orelli thought this inscription seemed to show a difference be- 
tween Britto and Britannus; cf. his note to n. 804. See also note un- 
der no. 32 above. 

211 Cf. Rohden in PW I 504. 

212 Rohden in Pros. Ill p. 45 n. 350; Liebenam. Legaten p. 136 n. 5; 
Jung, p. 6 n. 5, who, however, citing von Domaszewski (see note under 
no. 83), says he may have been procurator cum iure gladii; cf. ib. pp. 1 
and 40. 

213 Cf. Brandis in PW IV 1971 and PW VI 2540 under n. 67. 

214 Cf. Brandis in PW IV 1970. 

215 x. Flavius Constans, no. 84. 

216 (Iulius) Fidus Aquila, no. 78. 

217 See reference under no. 84. 

218 Mentioned in VIII 9365 and III 1374; cf. Brandis in PW IV 1971 ; 
Jung, p. 17. 

64 



219 Jung, p. 6 n. s. 

220 Peaks, p. 175. 

22 * Cf. VIII 8925, 893S. 

222 Cichorius in PW I 1238, thinks he received the dona as praef. 
alae I Aug. Gem. colonorum. Stein in PW IV 1296 n. 126, Klebs, 
Pros. I p. 443 n. 1088, Steiner in Bonner Jahrb. 114-115 (1906) p. 83 n. 
in, believe he received them as praef ectus classis. 

223 On this officer see Wilcken, Grundsuge I pp. 161 and 369 £., also 
in AP IV (1908) p. 126; Ausfeld in Phil. 63 (1904) pp. 4811. ; Momm- 
sen in Hermes 35 (1900) p. 445; Premerstein in Klio III (1903) pp. 
14 f . ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 364. He had charge of the storehouses for 
grain in the northern part of Alexandria, while the procurator ad Mer- 
cwriam (under Marcus and Verus) had charge of those in the south- 
east. The first mention of the functions is in the time of Domitian (cf. 
Grundsiige I p. 369)- The proc. Neaspoleos et Mausolei is first men- 
tioned in Pap. in Brit. Mus. Ill p. 125, of the year 104. 

224 Cf. Stein in AP I (1901) p. 446 n. 5. 

225 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 170 f. ; Rostowzew, Staatspacht pp. 
452-3. This is the only instance which we know of a knight in this 
position. It seems to show merely that a knight was sometimes em- 
ployed as procurator marmorum but does not necessarily indicate a 
change of policy. We know of only one other procurator from 
Euboea, C(laudius) Cerialis, Ann. inst. arch. 42 (1870) p. 172 n. 1, 
probably a freedman. Hadrian employed freedmen in Asia, as we see 
from ib. p. 191 nn. 258, 259: Irenaeus Aug. lib. proc, (year 137). 

226 Thg phrase £v rrj wapa &vu "LefizwiTov seems to be a mistake. 
irapd is perhaps for «y°p£; cf. 1. 20 of the same document, eirl rod tv rrj 
dyopq. pharos (note of Grenfell and Hunt, p. 171). At any rate the 
proceedings referred to were held in the Sebennyte nome, which was 
in the Delta. Therefore Felix must have been epistrategus of the 
Delta; cf. Martin, Les Epistrateges p. 179 n. 2. 

227 They are placed by Klebs, Pros. I p. 184 n. 1158, under the same 
number though he does not identify them. Rohden in PW II 2296 n. 
33, from CIL VII 18, reads, ["C] Aufidiu[s] Pantera (besser 
Panthera)." The traces of the praenomen are uncertain, and it may 
have been Lucius. 

228 His praenomen is usually given as Sextus on the strength of the 
inscription from Thebes, but all that is left of the name is a doubtful x. 
We are surely right in calling him Marcus from Fayum Towns XXI 
and Pap. Greco-Egizii, Comparetti e Vitelli III n. 3'i9. This was the 
praenomen of his father (M. Petronius Sura, no. 51), and also of his 
son (M. Petronius Sura Mamertinus, Pros. Ill p. 30 n. 229). 

229 See no. 60. 

230 See no. 55. 

231 Fit. Pit 8.6,7: Nam Gavius Maximus praef ectus praetorio usque 
ad vicensimum annum sub eo pervenit, vir severissimus, cui Tatius 
Maximus successit; cf. Pros. Ill p. 28 n. 212; Stein in PW VII 868-9 
n. 18. Gavius doubtless held some offices under Hadrian but of them 
we know nothing. The [pr]oc. Aug. of IX 5360 seems to refer not to 
him but to the dedicator; cf. Dessau, Pros. II p. 112 n. 60, and Stein, /. c. 

65 



232 As to the meaning of the name see Domaszewski in PW II 2349 
n. 25 and cf. C1L VII 340-344: ala Augusta - - ob virtutem appellata. 
The Alexandrian and later the African fleet was connected with the 
grain supply of (Rome; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw? p. 229 and Fiebiger in 
PW III 2641. 

233 Cf. CIG 4735. 

234 Since Oxyrhynchus and the Fayum are in this division. 

235 Cf. Stein in PW VII 1000-1 n. 14. See, however, Martin, Les 
Epistrateges p. 180 n. 3 : "II se peut que Gellius Bassus, epistratege en 
135, soit le meme personage qui avait deja rempli cette charge une fois r 
sept ans plus tot, en 128." 

236 Since in 130 Antinoos, the favorite of Hadrian, died and was 
deified. 

237 Cf. Martin, op. cit. p. 186 n. 1, who proposes the restoration [Ft. 
Aq]uila. 

238 See no. 69 and notes. 

239 Cf. Hiibner in Hermes 16 (1881) p. 560; Cichorius in PW IV 309. 

240 Cf . Daremberg and Saglio, Diet. ant. Ill 1080. 

241 Cf. Ritterling, De leg. X Gemma pp. 51 f . ; Junemann in Lpz. St. 
16 (1894) PP- 7i f- 

242 Cf. Ritterling in PW I 1258. 

243 Cf. Jung, p. 11 n. 2. 

244 The usual process for raising a procurator to the senatorial or- 
der was adlectio inter praetorios, sometimes, inter tribunicios. The 
career of Statius Priscus is very exceptional in that he passed from 
the equestrian cursus to the senatorial by regular election to the 
quaestorship ; cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 415 and n. 2 (p. 416). 
Mommsen, St. R. Ill p. 509 n. 1, gives this as the only known example 
of this sort of transfer. For the senatorial career of Statius Priscus, 
see Jung, pp. 12 f . ; Pros. Ill p. 269 n. 637. 

245 Otto, Priester u. Tempel I p. 173, and Plaumann in PW IX 901-2, 
identify them. Meyer, Festschrift zu O. Hirschfeld p. 163, places the 
Statilius Maximus of the Greek inscription under Hadrian, but does 
not mention ±he Latin inscription. Cf. also Pros. Ill p. 261 nn. 603 
and 599. CIL III 47 refers to the same man. 

246 Aelius seems to have been adopted by Hadrian in the latter part 
of 136 (cf. Rohden in PW III 1830-1 ; Klebs, Pros. I p. 327), and 
to have gone to Pannonia in the course of 137 (cf. Rohden, /. c; 
Klebs, op. cit. p. 328 with references there cited ; and also cf . Liebenam, 
Legaten p. 443 and n. 4). Ritterling, Statthalter d. Pann. Prov. pp. 
19-20, puts his time in Pannonia, from the second half of 136 to his 
death. 

247 Cf. de Lessert, I p. 486. 

248 Hadrian was given tribunician power for the 22d time on Dec. 
10, 137 (Cagnat, Cours p. 197), and he died in July, 138. Therefore 
this number is an error. The date of the inscription is given by the 
union of Antoninus with Hadrian in the dedication. Antoninus was 
adopted and given tribunician power on Feb. 25, 138 (Cagnat, I.e.). 
The date therefore lies between Feb. 25 and July 10, 138. Since in 

66 



the first inscription the dedication is to Hadrian alone in his 22d tribu- 
nician power, it must fall between Dec. io, 137 and Feb. 25, 138. 

249 Rh. Mus. 48 (1893) p. 244: "Die streng technische Ausdrucksweise 
nothigt in dem Procurator den Oberbefehlshaber aller Truppen am 
Alutalimes zu erkennen und es hat demnach der Procurator des siid- 
lichen Provinz prasidialischen Character behabt, wenn er auch dem 
Statthalter von Gesammtdacien war." 

250 Verw. 2 p. 377. 

251 In PW IV 1971 ; cf. ib. VI 2540 n. 67. 

252 Cf. no. 69. 

253 Cf. Hirschfeld in Phil. 29 (1870) p. 57; Klein, I p. 263; see above 
no. 48. 

254 Down to the time of Claudius a quaestor Ostiensis had charge 
of the harbor (cf. Mommsen, St. R. II pp. 571 f.). An imperial pro- 
curator (procurator portus Ostiensis, XIV 163) was then appointed 
and he was later replaced by the procurator annonae or ad annonam 
Ostis or Ostiae. 

255 He was advanced in salary in the same office from a centenarius 
to a ducenarius probably because extra burden was added in caring 
for the needs of the army as it marched from Rome. This duty was 
sometimes shown by the title, e. g., praefectus vehiculorum a copiis 
Augusti per viam Flaminiam (X 6662). The emperor often went 
northward by the Flaminian Road with his army; cf. Hirschfeld, 
Verm. 2 p. 194 and n. 2, and also Mommsen, St. R. II p. i03'i n. 2. 

256 The f orm f government of Sardinia was often changed. From 
6-67 A.D. it was under equestrian prefects ; it was then given to the 
senate in exchange for Achaia, which Nero made libera, but under 
Vespasian it was again made a procuratorial province when Achaia, 
having lost its freedom, was given back to the senate. Under Marcus 
and Commodus it was again a senatorial province but under Severus 
was given to a procurator. The title of the procurator varies: in 46, 
praefectus Sardiniae (Eph. cp. 8. 744) ; in 74, proc. et praef. Sardiniae 
(X 8023, 8024) ; in 83, pro[c.]. Aug, praef. provinci[ae] Sardin(iae) 
(Dessau, 5350) ; under Pius, proc. Aug. praef. prov. Sard., (above) ; 
and in the third century, procurator Augusti et praeses (or prae- 
fectus) ; cf. Marquardt, I pp. 248 f. ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 373 n: 4. 

257 Cf. Dessau in Pros. II p. 186 n. 175. 

258 "Der ritterliche curator viae lignariae triumphalis (XIII 1808) 
ist noch nicht sicher gedeutet, aber wohl nur als ausserordentlicher 
Kommissar bei einem Triumph eingesetzt worden," Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
p. 208 n. 1 (end). 

259 Augustus divided Gaul into 64 administative districts. Tac. Ann. 
3. 44 : quattuor et sexaginta Galliarum civitates. Strabo 4 p. 192, gives 
in round numbers 60. Ptolemaeus II 7, gives in Aquitania, 17, in Lug- 
dunensis, 25, in Belgica, 22, a total of 64 edvv] cf. Marquardt, I. 
p. 268 n. 11. Thus Celsus held the levy in only a part of Aquitania. 

260 Sex. Cornelius Dexter, no. 71, held the office at about this time, 
probably a little before Celsus. 

261 St. R. Ill p. 490 and n. 2. Cf . T. Haterius Nepos, no. 32. Iulius 

67 



Celsus is said to have been chosen by Hadrian among his legal ad- 
visers (Fit. Had. 18), but this without doubt should be Iuventius Celsus, 
cf. Pros. II p. 2515 n. 590, and CIL XIII 1808 note. 

262 He was of the same family as the Claudius Iulianus who com- 
manded the fleet at Misenum a little before Vitellius (Tac. Hist. 3, 57 
and 77) ; cf. Borghesi, Opp. Ill pp. 128 f. He was not identical with 
Claudius Julianus (no. 81) idiologus of Egypt about 136 to 140, for the 
praefectus annonae was of higher rank than the idiologus. They were 
doubtless of the same family. 

283 Cf. note under no. 17. 

264 Bull. soc. nat. antiq. de France 1902 p. 341: Aemilio [I] unco 
[p]roc. Aug. This identity cannot be proven but it seems very prob- 
able. Aemilius Iuncus was perhaps the father of L. Aemilius Iuncus, 
cos. suff. in 127, who was a Syrian (IG III 622) and, as Dessau, 
Hermes 45 (1910) p. 18, thinks, the first of the Syrians to hold the 
consulship. Before his consulship, about 125, the latter had been leg. 
Aug. pr. pr. in Ac'haia (IG III 622; Dittenberger in his note to this in- 
scription believes the same man is mentioned in CIG 1346). After his 
consulship he may have become proconsul of Asia (Bull. corr. hell. 11 
[1887] p. 99 n. 22) ; cf. Chapot, p. 305; Rohden in PW I 550 n. 54. To 
one of these men are to be referred XV 257 : Ex figlin. Iuncianis Paet. 
et Ap. cos. (year 123), and Lanciani, Syll. aquar. 567: L. Aemili Iunci. 
The Iuncus of IG III 70 was probably an Athenian citizen who had 
received a cognomen from the legate (Dittenberger's note), and not a 
Roman magistrate (Pros. II p. 232 n. 461). 

265 See note under no. 17. 

266 See note under no. 17. 

267 The date of this inscription has been variously given. Renier, 
Melanges ep. pp. 90-1, assigned it to the time of Caracalla. Hiibner in 
the Corpus, inclined to the earlier part of the second century. The 
papyri have helped in dating the prefecture of Egypt and we can now 
safely put it under Pius. CIL II 1971 mentions Proculus as prefect of 
Egypt. 

268 p or Thracum. 

269 Grotefend in Zeitschr. f. Altertumswissenschaft 1835 p. 305 ap. 
Hiibner, I. c, thought a classis potamophylacia was meant, with the duty 
of overseeing the traffic on Lake Mareotis. Renier, Melanges ep. pp. 
91 f., thought potamophylaci was the dative from the Greek iroTa.fw<t>i\a^ 
(cf. Wilcken, Gr. Ostraka I p. 282), "garde du Nil," an officer 
brought over from the Ptolemies and hence with a Greek name, whose 
duty was to look after canals, inundation, etc., and who was in charge 
of a fleet of small craft. Schwartz in Jahrb.f. Phil. 37 (1891) pp. 
713-16, has discussed the matter fully. There were three places along 
the 'Nile which give a clue to the interpretation, — 'Ep/j.ovo\tTiK^ 
(j>v\aK-f), 9r/j3atKT/ (pv\a.KTrj (Strabo 1 7 p. 813), and Sargentes, called by 
Stephanus of Byzantium $v\o.kt] Alyvirrla . These seem to have been 
guard posts for protection from the pirates and the barbarous tribes 
of the desert near by. These posts suggest a fleet of boats for police 
duty, and the praefectus potamophylaciae seems to have been the com- 
mander of this fleet. From Strabo /. c, and Agatharchides (Phot. 



Bibl. p. 447 ed. Bekker), 'Ep[M>iro\iTt.K7) <t>v\a.Kr) is seen to have been a 
place for the receipt of customs, and Schwartz concludes that there 
must have been six of these posts and that the collection of duties 
at these places was likewise under the charge of the praefectus potamo- 
phylaciae. Jung, W. St. 14 (1892) p. 264, and Fiebiger in PW III 
2641, accept this view. Cf. also Henzen in Orelli-Henzen, III n. 6928; 
Lumbroso, Bull. d. Inst. 1876 pp. 102-4 and L'Egitto ai tempo del Greci 
e dei Romani pp. 25-7 ; Wilcken, Gr. Ostraka I pp. 282 f ., and Grund- 
zuge I p. 392; Premerstein, Klio III (1903) P- 16. 

270 Cf. Q. Marcius Hermogenes, prefect of the Alexandrian fleet in 
134 (above no. 76). 

271 Rambertus gives delectatori Aug. prov. Hubner, /. c, suggests 
from this prov[inc. Afric. et]. Dilectator, however, as he says, is not 
placed with the genitive of the province but usually dilectator per 
Africam, etc. Bayer's reading procu . . . would suggest dilectator 
Aug. procurator, but this is unusual. And so Hubner says, "statuen- 
dum est alterum utrum aut dilectatoris procuratoris munera simpliciter 
coniuncta fuisse in hoc titulo, aut 'item' vocabulum excidisse." Hubner 
implies that Proculus was possibly dilectator in Baetica, but this could 
hardly have been, for it was a senatorial province; cf. Liebenam in 
PW V 618; iMommsen, St. R. II p. 1090. 

272 .. . provinc. veteris Hispan. Baetic; cf. Mommsen ap. Henzen, 
/. c, "cum ulterior Hispania ab Augusto divisa sit in Baeticam sive 
proprie ulteriorem et Lusitaniam, Baeticae quoque veteris nomen 
videtur convenire." Dessau in Pros. Ill p. 375 n. 119, inclines to "uteris 
fortasse ulterioris." 

273 Henzen, I. c, says perhaps Cappad(ociae) Gal(atiae), and 
Mommsen ap. Hubner, I.e., Cap p. Paflag. Gal, for Cartag. Gal. 

27 <*'Cf. Chapot, p. 2)2>7, "proc. Asiae sous Hadrien ou Antonin le 
Pieux." 

275 Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 377 n. 7, thinks the restoration is too un- 
certain and doubts whether he was proc. trium [Gailia]r. He makes 
no other suggestion. Proculus was perhaps procurator a rationibus 
after this; cf. Friedlander, I p. 174. 

276 Cf. Cantarelli, p. 91. 

277 Cf. Cantarelli, p. 92. 

278 Ed. 7, Bruns-Gradenwitz. This inscription of four columns was 
found in Thignica, Africa. It was first edited by Carcopino in 
Melanges de I'ecole frangaise de Rome, 1906 pp. 365-481. It was after- 
ward discussed by Mispoulet in Nouvelle revue hisi. de droit franqais 
et etranger, 1906 pp. 812-15, and 1907 pp. 5-48; by A. Schulten in Klio 
VII (1907) pp. 188-222: by Carcopino again in Klio VIII (1908) pp. 
154-185 ; and by Rostowzew, Studien sur Gesch. des rom. Kolonates 
pp. 321-328. 

279 Klio VIII (1908) pp. 166 f. He thinks Januarius was his as- 
sistant and Martialis, his secretary. 

280 In the article cited. 

281 Op. cit. p. 336, 

69 



282 Article cited pp. 195 £. He considers Martialis procurator saltus 
and Januarius, adiutor. 

283 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 125 £. 

284 Article cited, esp. pp. 194 f . He bases his assumption largely on 
the phrase egregio viro of the inscription. He considers this a title 
of distinction applied to Pudens because of his office and draws the 
conclusion (p. 212) that this title was applied to knights under 
Hadrian and not, as was formerly thought, first under Marcus and 
Verus (cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 451). Stein in W. St. 34 (1912) p. 
161, does not agree with him in this, since the phrase is here written 
out at length and not abbreviated as was usual when used technically. 
Cf. Carcopino, Klio VIII (1908) p. 169. 

285 Op. cit. p. 336. 

2 *«Klio VIII (1908) pp. 169 f. 

287 In the article cited. 

288 The reading of Bruns-Gradenwitz accepted by Rostowzew. Car- 
copino, Mispoulet and Schulten read Carinus. 

289 Article cited, esp, pp. 193 f . He makes Doryphorus his adiutor, a 
freedman, and Primigenuus, a \procurator saltus, likewise a freedman. 

290 He also considers Doryphorus a procurator regionis and Primi- 
genuus, a procurator saltus. 

29x Op. cit. p. 335. 



70 



NOTES ON CHAPTER II 

1 Liebenam, Laufbahn pp. 5 f . ; Mommsen, St. R. Ill pp. 558 f. ; 
Kornemann in Neue Jahrb. 1899 p. 127; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 417 f. 

2 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 426 f. ; Mommsen, op. cit. p. 561. This 
change was probably made by Hadrian in imitation of the Egyptian 
practice of Ptolemaic times, when a purely civil career is to be as- 
sumed because of the mercenary army ; cf . Kornemann, /. c. 

3 Cf . Liebenam, op. cit. p. 6. 

4 Cf. Hirschfield, op. cit. pp. 428 f . 

5 No. 38. 

6 No. 45. 

7 No. 57. 

8 No. 50. 

9 No. 49. 

10 No. 86. 
" No. 85. 

12 See no. 55 and cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 427 n. 1, "trotz der Angabe 
in der durch and durch verfalschten Biographie des Avidius Cassius 
c. 1 : qui ordines duxerat." 

13 Cf. Liebenam, Laufbahn p. 5 and especially Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 
pp. 478 f. 

14 Cf . Hirschfeld, I. c, Pelham, Essays p. 163 : "The old distinction 
once so earnestly maintained between the public service of the state 
and the private service of Caesar is scarcely heard of after the reign 
of Hadrian," i.e., the change was completed during the reign of 
Hadrian. 

15 From XI 5028 and Bormann's note on his military career Sex. 
Caesius Propertianus, an eques, seems to have been proc. imp. a patrim. 
et heredit. et a libell., under Vitellius ; cf. Tac. Hist. 1.58: Vitellius mini- 
steria principatus per libertos agi solita in equites Romanos disponit. 
Otho had an eques as secretary, as we know from Plutarch Otho c.9: 
'ZeKovvdos 6 pit/Tup iirl tSjv £itiitto\uiv yev6/j.evos rod "O0u)i>os, probably Iulius 
Secundus of Tac. Dial.; cf. Friedlander, I p. 183. Dionysius of Alex- 
andria was probably ab epistulis under Domitian ; Suid. s. v. AtowJo-ios 
'AXefcvdpefc ; cf. Rostowzew in PW VI 212. Cn. Octavius Titinius 
Capito (no. 6) was procurator ab epistulis and a patrimonio under 
Domitian (cf. Suet. Dom. 7: quaedam ex maximis officiis inter liber- 
tinos equitesque Romanos communicavit), ab epistulis a second time 
under Nerva, and a third time under Trajan. L. Vibius Lentulus 
(no. 8) was procurator Augusti a rationibus under Trajan. 

16 Cf. Herzog, St. Verf. II -p. 363 n. 1. 

17 Cf. Mommsen, 5"*. R. II p. 838 n. 2. 

18 Cf . Schurz, pp. 29-30. 

71 



19 See above note 15. 

20 See above note 15. 

21 See the list given by Friedlander, I p. 184. 

22 No. 45. 

23 No. 55- 

24 No. 50. 

25 No. 57. 

26 No. 46. 

27 No. 82. 

28 This can be inferred from the occurrence of the title ab epistulis 
Latinis (VI 8610, 891 1) under the Flavians, and of ab epistulis Latinis- 
(XI 1434) and ab epistulis Graecis (VI 8607) under Trajan. The men 
mentioned in these inscriptions were liberti Augusti. 

29 Cf. Vaglieri in Dis. cp. Ill 606. 

30 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 321-2. 

31 Cf. Rostowzew in PW VI 213. 

32 No. 32. 

33 Since Vitellius ; see above. 

34 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 333. 

35 Cf . VI 8636 : Ti. Claudius Lemnius divi Claudi Augusti lib. a 
studiis. 

36 No. 57. 

37 See the list given by Friedlander, I pp. 171 f. 

38 Vitellius may have appointed a knight to this office as well as to 
the offices ab epistulis and a libellis; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 31, who 
reasons from Tac. Hist. 1.58; cf. Schurz, p. 34. 

39 No. 8. His title in Greek was 'En It pottos He^ao-rov airb tCov \6ywv. 
Liebenam in his article on a rationibus in PW zweite Reihe I 264 does 
not mention the fact that Trajan employed a knight at the head 
of this department with the title proc. Aug. a rationibus. 

40 Before becoming proc. Aug. a rationibus he was proc. Aug.. 
monetae, proc. Aug. Pannoniae et Dalmatiae, proc. Aug. Asiae, proc. 
Aug. a loricata. 

*iNo. 6. 

42 Tutilius Pudens and Verridius Bassus have been regarded by some 
as procuratores a rationibus but the matter is very doubtful; see nos.. 
93 and 94. 

43 L. Valerius Proculus (no. 92) and Ti. Claudius Secundinus L.. 

Statius Macedo, proc. XX her., proc. proving.] Lungdunens. et 

Aquitan., proc. a rationibus Aug. (cf. Phil. 29 [1870] p. 32. 18), praef. 
an[non.] -.,.- (V 867), whose date is fixed by XIV 2008a: Imp. An- 
tonini Aug. Pii sub cur. CI. Secundini a ra[tion.] ; cf. Friedlander, 
I p. 174. 

44 Cf . Schurz, pp. 33 f . ; Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 31 and p. 478. 

45 Cf. ib. 11. 1; laborabat reditus quoque provinciales sollerter 

explorans, ut si alicubi quippiam deesset, expleret. 

46 The fact that Spartianus was wrong in his statement in Vit. Had. 
22. 8 : ab epistulis et a libellis primus equites Romanos habuit, leads 
one to suspect him here. There were, however, advocati fisci under 
Pius and he would hardly be thought to have instituted the office ; it 

72 



seems certain, also, that Hadrian was especially interested in the 
finances of the empire; there is no indication that Trajan first ap- 
pointed the advocati fisci. The natural assumption is that Hadrian 
is to be accredited with this reform. 

47 De Ruggiero, Die. ep. I p. 126, thinks he appointed only one to 
officiate at Rome, mainly from the fact that no mention of one for 
the provinces has come down to us; but cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 49 
n. 4. Kugitschek in PW I 439, thinks that at first there was only 
one advocatus, but that soon afterward others were appointed. 

48 Sex. Caecilio Crescent [i] Volusiano advocato fisci Romae, 

proc. [X]X her., ab epistufl., di]vi Antonini . 

49 Verw. 2 p. 49 ; cf . also Schurz, p. 26, "nunc veto malim contendere 
iam ab Hadriano complures et Romae et in provinciis esse constitutos." 

50 Cf . Schurz, p. 2>7- 

51 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 40 and n. 3 with examples. 

52 Cf. Rostowzew in Rom. Mitth. 13 (1898) p. no n. 1; Hirschfeld, 
op. cit. p. 113. 

53 As Rostowzew, /. c, thinks. 

54 Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 113 f. 

55 No. 32. Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 114 n. 2 (cf. ib. p. 65 n. i), believes 
he may have held the office even under Trajan. But between 114-117 
and Aug. 117 there was hardly more than time for the two offices 
proc. Armeniae maior. and proc. ludi magni. Moreover Trajan was 
rather too much occupied with conquest in the latter part of his reign 
to take up any important reform in the civil service. We must admit, 
however, that the time between Aug., 117 and 121 was none too 
long for the positions of proc. hered., a censibus a libellis Aug., praef. 
vigilum. 

56 No. so. 

57 No. 85. His time has been considered uncertain ; he seems, 
however, to have held office toward the end of Hadrian's reign. 

58 Cf. (with Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 99 n. 1) Plin. Paneg. 37: ratus 
improbe et insolenter ac paene impie his nominibus inseri publicanum; 
ib. 39: statuit communis omnium parens summam quae publicanum 
pati posset (100); Epp. VII 14. 1 : quanti a publicanis partem vicesi- 
mam emisti (about 107). 

59 Examples given by Hirschfeld, op. cit. p. 99 n. 2. 

60 Examples given by Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 101-3, 105. 

61 Cf. Hirschfeld, op. cit. pp. 99 and 100. 

62 Statius Priscus, no. 79 ; and Iulius Celsus, no. 86. 

63 Cf. Herzog, St. Verf. II p. 363 and n. 2. 

64 By Rostowzew, Staatspacht p. 504. 

65 Besius Betuinianus, no. 18 ; Manlius Felix, no. 24 ; Memmius Apol- 
linaris, no. 26. 

66 Besius held the office between the procuratorships of Baetica and 
Mauretania Tingitana; Memmius Apollinaris, after being procurator 
of Lusitania and before being procurator of Thrace. The position of 
Manlius Felix was perhaps lower in rank, since it was held after he 
was proc. Aug. reg. Chers(onesae). 

67 Staatspacht pp. 393 f . 

73 



68 By Rostowzew, op. cit. pp. 399 f., from VIII 11813: C. Sextius 

Martialis p[roc] Aug. inter manc(ipes) XL Galliarum et 

negotiantis. 

69 No. 42. 

70 Cf . Rostowzew, op. cit. p. 402. 

71 No. 49. 

72 V 7547 : L. Caninio P. f . Valenti procuratori IIII publicor. Af ricae 
; cf. Rostowzew, op. cit. p. 403 n. 150. 

73 VI 8588. He is shown to have been dependent on the emperor 
by Fronto Ad Mar cum V 34 p. 86 ed. Naber : cum ratio eius a domino 
nostro patre tuo tractabitur. 

74 No. 5. 

75 Suet. Aug. 49. 

76 Vit. Had. 7. 5 : statum cursum fiscalem instituit ne magistratus hoc 
onere gravarentur. These words are not to be closely connected with 
those which precede, as though Hadrian were seeking by transference 
of the expense of the cursus publicus to the fiscus to win over the chief 
men of the Romans (cf. Schurz, p. 19). But rather cursus fiscalis 
(used by Spartianus from the usage of his time) = vehicularius 
cursus, Vit. Pii 12 = vehicularium munus, Vit. Sev. 14. The emphasis 
is to be placed on statum which for this reason is written first. The 
passage does not indicate that Hadrian took the burden from the 
municipal magistrates and placed it upon the fiscus, as is thought by 
some (cf. Seeck in PW IV 1848). Septimius Severus is to be credited 
with this change, Vit. Sev. 14. 2 : cum se vellet commendare hominibus 
vehicularium munus a privatis ad fiscum traduxit. I have adopted the 
explanation of Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 192 and notes. There is no 
evidence from inscriptions. 

77 Under Trajan freedmen were in charge of the post. A father 
and son, freedmen of Trajan, are mentioned in VI 8542: M. Ulpius 

Aug. lib. Crescens ab vehiculis M. Ulpius Aug. lib. Saturninus 

Alius a commentari(is) vehiculorum. The first was chief officer (cf. 
a rationibus), the second, overseer of the office, or secretary. 

78 No. 48. 

79 No. 85. 

80 Cf . Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 p. 56, where he says, "Die fur ganze Provin- 
zen bestellten Censusbeamten sind bis auf Hadrian ausnahmslos (hoch- 
gestellte Senatoren," although we have one example of a knight as 
censor of a province, certainly under Trajan, as Hirschfeld remarks, 
/. c. n. 2. 

81 No. 14. 

82 No. 42. 

83 No. 49. 

84 Le conseil des empereurs d'Auguste a Diocletien, Paris, 1884, pp. 

34i f- 

85 Verw? p. 340 n. 2 ; cf . ib. p. 479. 

86 Mommsen, St. R. II p. 989 and n. 3. 

87 Cf . Rostowzew, Staatspacht pp. 435 f . ; Schulten in Hermes 29 
(1894) pp. 204 f. ; Bruns-Gradenwitz, Fontes p. 382 n. 162, where 
other literature is given. 

74 



88 Cf. Rostowzew, I. c.j the literature is given in n. 218. 

89 See notes under no. 93 above, where the literature is given. 

90 Cf . Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 pp. 121 f ., p. 477 n. 3 ; Mommsen in 
Hermes 15 (1880) p. 407. 

91 C. Manlius Felix, no. 24. 

92 T. Flavius Macer, no. 38 ; Tutilius Pudens, no. 94 ; Verridius 
Bassus, no. 93. 

93 Cf. Hirschf eld, Verw. 1 p. 169; Vaglieri in Dis. ep. Ill p. 606; 
Rohden in PW I 517. 

94 Frontin. De aq. §105: procuratorem eiusdem officii libertum 
Caesaris. 

95 Alypius appears under Domitian and Trajan. He is mentioned 
in XV 7818, 7819; cf. 7289, 7295. As we see, these procurators often 
remained a long time in office. 

96 Cf. Hirschf eld, Verw. 2 p. 281. 

97 No. 17. 

98 Memmius Rufus, no. 15, and Silius Decianus, no. 16. 

99 M. Petronius Sura, no. 51; Flavius Rufus, no. 88; Marcius Cyre- 
nicus, no. 90; Trebellius Marinus, no. 91. 

100 Under Otho, one as ab epistulis; under Vitellius, one as proc. 
imp. a patrim. et her edit, et a libell.; under Domitian, two as ab 
epistulis and one as a patrimonioj under Nerva, one as ab epistulis; 
under Trajan, one each as ab epistulis, proc. Aug. a rationibus, proc. 
Aug. a loricata, and three as proc. XX hered.; also one or more as 
proc. aquarum, two as proc. a moneta. 

101 Trajan's attitude toward freedmen is shown by Plin. Paneg. 88: 
Plerique principes cum essent civium domini libertorum erant servi 
- - - tu libertis tuis summum quidem honorem, sed tamquam libertis 
habes abundeque sufficere iis credis, si probi et f rugi existimentur ; and 
Tac. Hist. 1. 76 : Crescens Neronis libertus nam et hi malis temporibus 

partem se rei publicae faciunt. 

102 Yet in 124 a freedman, P. Aelius Trophimus, was procurator of 
Crete (XIV 51), while Trajan had employed here a knight, Ti Iulius 
Alexander, no. 36. This appears to be the only example of the kind. 

103 E. g. the imperial post and the procuratura hereditatium. 

104 As, for example, that of idiologus in Egypt. We know of one of 
these officials for the reign of Trajan (no. 21a), but under Hadrian we 
have the names of four (nos. 54, 56, 80, 81). 

105 This tendency began even under Trajan, who employed a knight 
as censor of Lower Germany (no. 14). 

106 Cf. Hirschfeld, Verw. 2 pp. 477 f. and p. 427. 

107 Here are included nos. 1-14, 17-39 (including 21a), 43. Nos. 15 
and 16 have been omitted because of the doubt as to their office. 

108 Here are included nos. 23, 27, 32, 37-46, 48-58, 60-73, 75-78, 80- 
84, 86-94, 96- It is impossible to tell whether no. 30 served under 
Hadrian ; if he did, it was only for a few days at the most. It is 
doubtful if no. 47 held a procuratorship. In nos. 61 and 74 the 
identification is uncertain. It is not certain that no. 79 served under 
Hadrian. The time of no. 85 is not fixed. The office and status of 

75 



no. 95 are undecided. These, therefore, have been omitted in the 
comparison. 

109 Here are included nos. 40-42, 44-46, 48-58, 60-73, 75-78, 80-84, 86-94, 
96. Besides those which are mentioned as doubtful in the preceding 
note, no. 43 has been omitted here, for of course Clarus began ser- 
vice under Trajan, since he was made praef. praet. in 119. 

110 Here are included nos. 8, 11, 13, 14, 17-22 (including 21a), 24-39, 
43. Since no. 23 was praefectus annonae before 107, it is doubtful 
whether he began service under Trajan. He has therefore been 
omitted here. No. 39 did not start as procurator under Trajan, but he 
did begin service as an extraordinary military (commander in Egypt in 
the last year of his reign, he has and for this reason been included. 



ADDENDA 
*[R]ufus 

Rufus was procurator of Achaea in 98 or 99 (cf. Bourguet, De rebus 
Delphicis 70). 

Rufus 

X 7587 (Sardinia) : . . . im. . . u . . . L. f. Quir. Rufo praef. coh., 
subcuratori viae Aemiliae, trib. leg. XIII Gemin. et XV Vict., 
proc. Plotinae Aug., proc. Caes. Hadriani ad ripam, pontine [i], IM 
vir. i. d., qq. T. Cutius. 

Rufus was procurator of Plotina, wife of Trajan, evidently toward the 
end of the emperor's life. It is worthy of note that this office forms 
a step in the equestrian career (cf. Mommsen's note on the inscrip- 
tion). He then became procurator ad ripam under Hadrian, in this 
capacity probably being connected with the department which looked 
after the Tiber and its banks. 



76 



INDEX OF NAMES 

The numbers, where not otherwise indicated, refer to the list of 
officials in Chapter I. A number in parenthesis attached to a name 
denotes the official under whom the name is mentioned. 

P. Aelius Trophimus, p. 75 

L. Aelius Caesar, (82) 

P. Aelius Trophimus, p. 75 

Aemilius Iuncus, (89) 

L. Aemilius Iuncus, (89) 

. . . ]aenus or ... ] linus, 21a 

T. Aquillius Proculus, (5) 

(Attius) Suburanus, 9 

Sex. Attius Suburanus, (9) 

L. Aufidius Panthera, 74 

C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55; pp. 38, 39 

Avidius Quietus, (58) 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85 ; pp. 38. 41, 43 

L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48; p. 43 

Bassaeus Rufus, (7) 

Bassus, 42; pp. 42, 43 

Bassus, 63 

P. Besius Betuinianus C. Marius Memmius Sabinus, 18; p. 42 (notes 
65-6 

Sex. Caecilius Crescens Volusianus, p. 73 

Q. Caecilius Redditus, 35 

Caelius Attianus (see P. Acilius Attianus) 

Caelius Florus, 65 

T. Caesernius Macedo, 3 

Sex. Caesius Propertianus, p. 71. 

Calpurnius Sabinus, 2 

M. Calpurnius Seneca Fabius Turpio Sentinatianus, 53 

C. Camurius Clemens, 34 

Caninius Celer, (46) 

L. Caninius Valens, p. 43 

Carinus (see Earinus) 

Catus Decianus, (4) 

Celer, 46; p. 39 

Civica Cerialis, (4) 

Claudius Cerialis, (72) 

Claudius Iulianus, 81 

Claudius Iulianus, 87 

Ti. Claudius Livianus, 10 

Claudius Quintianus, 61 

Ti. Claudius Secundinus L. Statius Macedo, p. 72 

77 



Felix Claudius Vindex, 31 

Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71 

C. Cornelius Gallus, (57) 

Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25 

Dionysius of Alexandria, pp. 39, 71 

Dionysius Milesius, 44 

Dioseurus, (12) 

L. Domitius Rogatus, 82; p. 39 

Earinus, 95 

T. Eppius Latinus, 49; pp. 38, 42, 43 

Eudaemon, 50; pp. 38, 39, 41 

T. Flavius Constans, 84 

T. Flavius Macer, 38; pp. 38, 44 (note 92) 

T. Flavius Martialis, (8) 

Flavius Philoxenus, 40 

Flavius Rufus, 88; p. 44 (note 99) 

Flavius Sulpicius Similis, (23) 

T. Flavius Titianus, 60 

Gavius Maximus, (75) 

Gellius Bassus, 77 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32; pp. 40, 41 

Hesperus, 58 

Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36; p. 75 

Ti. Iulius Aquilinus, 22 

C. Iulius Bassus Aemilianus, (8) 

D. Iulius Capito, 33 

C. Iulius Celsus, 86; p. 38 

C. Iulius Demosthenes, 19 

Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78 

Iulius Fronto, 52 

Iulius Fronto, (52) 

Iulius Maximianus, 59 

Iulius Pardalas, 56 

C. Iulius Priscus Gallonius Q. Marcius Turbo Fronto Publicius 

Severus, 39 
Iulius Secundus, pp. 39, 71 
Iulius Varianus, 70 

L. Iulius Vestinus, 57; pp. 38, 39, 40 
Iuncus, 89 

C. Iunius Flavianus, (7) 
Iuventius Celsus, (86) 
. . . ] linus or ... ] aenus, 21a 
L. Luscius Ocrea, (1) 

M. Maenius Agrippa L. Tusidius Campester, 68 
C. Maesius Tertius, 29 

C. Manlius Felix, 24; pp. 42 (notes 65-6), 44 (note 91) 
Marcius Cyrenicus, 90; p. 44 (note 99) 
Q. Marcius Hermogenes, 76 
Marcius Moesius, 54 
Memmius (Memnius) Rufus, 15; p. 44 (note 98) 

78 



(Mestrius) Plutarchus, 47 

C. Minicius Italus, 4 

Minicius Sanctus, 72 

L. N'ovius Crispinus, (7) 

L. Numerius Albanus, 64 

Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6; pp. 30, 71 

Paconius Felix, 73 

C. Petronius Celer, 83 

M. Petronius Honoratus, (92) 

M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75 

Q. Petronius Modestus, 7 

M. Petronius Sura, 51 ; p. 44 (note 99) 

Plautius Caesianus, 69 

C. Plinius Caecilius Secundus, (28) 

Plutarchus {see Mestrius Plutarchus) 

C. Pompeius Planta, 1 

Pompeius Proculus, 13 

Cn. Pompeius Proculus, (13) 

Pompeius Severus, 62 

L. Pompeius Vopiscus C. Arruntius Catillius Celer, (8) 

A. Pomponius Augurinus T. Prifernius Paetus, 20 

C. Pamponius Hyllus, 17; p. 44 

T. Pontius Sabinus, 67 

P. Postumius Acilianus, 11 

P. Prifernius Paetus Memmius Apollinaris, 26; p. 42 (notes 65-6) 

Q. Rammius Martialis, 27 

M. Rutilius Lupus, 30 

Q. Saenius Pompeianus, p. 43 

L. Seius Avitus, 41 

C. Septicius Clarus, 43 

Silius Decianus, 16; p. 44 (note 98) 

T. Statilius Maximus Severus, 80 

M. Statius Priscus Licinius Italicus, 79 

Suburanus, 9 

C. Suetonius Tranquillus, 45 ; pp. 38, 39 

C. Sulpicius Similis (Simius), 23 

Teimocrates, (57) 

C. Terentius Iunior, 21 

Trebellius Marinus, 91 ; pp. 44 (note 99) 

Tutilius Pudens, 94; pp. 44 (note 92), 72 

Valerius Eudaemon, (50) 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92; p. 72 

Verridius Bassus, 93; pp. 44 (note 92), 72 

M. Vettius Latro, 66 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8; pp. 40, 71 

C. Vibius Maximus, 12 

C. Vibius Salutaris, 5 ; p. 43 

L. Villius Atilianus, 96 

Virdius Gemellinus, 28 

T. Visulanius Crescens, 14; p. 43 

79 



INDEX OF OFFICES WITH LISTS OF OFFICIALS 

The terms Aug(usti) and pro(vinciae) are omitted from all titles. 
The numbers immediately following the names refer to the list in 
Chap. I. 

Ab epistulis Graecis, p. 39 
Celer, 46, under Hadrian ; 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 

C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55, about 120-122 (? ') ; 

L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian. 

Ab epistulis Latinis, p. 39 
Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, under Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan; 
C. Suetonius Tranquillus, 45, (epistularum magister) 1 19-122; 
L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, (sec'y of L. Aelius Caesar) 137-8. 

Advocatus fisci, pp. 38, 40 f. 

A libellis et censibus, p. 40 
T. Haterius Nepos, 32, (a censibus a libellis) about 119; 

C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 

A studiis, p. 40 

L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian. 

Censor, etc., p. 43 

T. Visulanius Crescens, 14, (Germ, inf.) early under Trajan; 
T. Haterius Nepos, 32, (censitor Brittonum) about 114; 

D. Iulius Capito, 33, (c. civitatis Remorum foeder.) about 114; 
Bassus, 42, (proc. ad censum agendum Ponto Bithyniae) early under 

Hadrian ; 
T. Eppius Latinus, 49, (proc. ad census accipiendos . . . ) under 

Hadrian. 

Consiliarius, pp. 43 f. 

Curator frumenti comparandi in annonam urbis 

T. Flavius Macer, 38, last of Trajan's reign. 

Curator viae Lignariae triumphalis 

C. Iulius Celsus, 86, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Dilectator 
C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (per Aquitanicae XI populos) last of Hadrian's 

reign ; 
L. Valerius Proculus, 92, (of Africa [ ?] ) under Pius. 



Epistrategus OPelusio 

Bassus, 42, under Hadrian; 

Paconius Felix, 73, 133. 

Epistrategus septem nomorum et Arsinoetes (Heptanomis) 

Felix Claudius Vindex, 31, between 114 and 117; 

C. Camurius Clemens, 34, under Trajan; 

Iulius Maximianus, 59, before 126-7; 

Claudius Quintianus, 61, between 126 and 131 (about) ; 

Bassus, 63, about 128; 

Iulius Varianus, 70, 131 ; 

Gellius Bassus, 77, 134-5- 

Epistrategus Thebaidos 

Calpurnius Sabinus, 2, between 97 and 99; 

Pompeius Proculus, 13, 103; 

Flavius Philoxenus, 40, about 118; 

Bassus, 42, under Hadrian; 

Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78, after 130 to 134. 

Epistularum magister see ab epistulis 

Idiologus 

. . . aenus (or . . . linus), 21a, 105-6; 
Marcius Moesius, 54, 120; 

Iulius Pardalas, 56, 122-3 .' 

T. Statilius Maximus Severus, 80, 136; 
Claudius Iulianus, 81, 136-140. 

Iuridicus Aegypti 

Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25, last of Trajan's reign; 

L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48, under Hadrian ; 

Iulius Maximianus, 59, 139; 

Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, first of Pius' reign. 

Praefectus Aegypti 

C. Pompeius Planta, 1, 97 (about) to Feb. 26, 99; 

C. Minicius Italus, 4, 101-2 to Feb. 24, 103 ; 

C. Vibius Maximus, 12, Aug. 30, 103 to Men. 26, 107; 

C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, Mch. 26-Aug. 29, 107 to no; 

M. Rutilius Lupus, 30, Mch., 114 to Jan. 5, 117; 

Q. Rammius Martialis, 27, Aug. 11-28, 117 to Aug. 4, 119; 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32, Feb. 18, 121 to April 13, 124; 

T. Flavius Titianus, 60, Mch. 20, 126 to June 30, 132; 

M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75, Nov. n, 133 to Feb. 13, 135; 

C. Avidius Heliodorus, 55, Jan. 28, 138 to May 16, 141 ; 

Valerius Eudaemon, under no. 92, 142 to 145-6 (about) ; 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, 145-6 to 147 (about) ; 

M. Petronius Honoratus, under no. 92, after 147. 

81 



Praefectus annonae 
C. Minicius Italus, 4, before 101 ; 

C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, before 107; 

Claudius Iulianus, 87, under Hadrian; 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, 144. 

Praefectus classis Alexandrinae 

Q. Marcius Hermogenes, 76, 134; 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Praefectus classis Britanniae 

M. Maenius Agrippa, etc., 68, about 130 or after; 

L. Aufidius Panthera, 74, last of Hadrian's reign (?). 

Praefectus classis Germaniae 
C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 

Praefectus classis Pannoniae 

C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 

Praefectus classis Misenensis 

Iulius Fronto, 52, 119 (?) to 129; 

M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, 134. 

Praefectus classis Ravennatis 
L. Numerius Albanus, 64, 127; 

M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, about 128 or 129. 

Praefectus gentis Musulamiorum 

T. Flavius Macer, 38, last of Trajan's reign 

Praefectus praetorio 

(Attius) Suburanus, 9, 98 and after; 

Ti. Claudius Livianus, 10, 101 to 114 ( ?) ; 

C. Sulpicius Similis, 23, last of Trajan's reign to 119; 

P. Acilius Attianus, 37, " " " ', 

Marcius Turbo, 39, 119 to 135 (?); 

C. Septicius Clarus, 43, 119 to 122; 

M. Petronius Mamertinus, 75, 139 to 143. 

Praefectus vehiculorum, p. 43 
L. Baebius Iuncinus, 48, first of Hadrian's reign; 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign (?). 

Praefectus vigilum 

Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, before 103; 
Q. Rammius Martialis, 27, 1 11 to 113; 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 120. 

Procurator Achaeae 

P. Postumius Acilianus, 11, first of Trajan's reign; 

A. Pomponius Augurinus, etc., 20, between 103 and 114; 
(Mestrius) Plutarchus, 47, (?) under Hadrian. 

82 



Procurator ad annonam Ostis 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator ad censum agendum, etc., see censor 
Procurator ad census accipiendos, see censor 

Procurator ad dioecesin Alexandreae 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian. 

Procurator ad Miniciam 

C. Camurius Clemens, 34, under Trajan. 

Procurator a loricata 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 114. 

Procurator Alpium Maritumarum (governor) 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator aquarum, p. 44 

Memmius Rufus, 15 (?) after 103, under Trajan; 

Silius Decianus, 16, (?) " ; 

C. Pomponius Hyllus, 17, " " " " ; 

M. Petronius Sura, 51, under Hadrian; 

Flavius Rufus, 88, " " ; 

Marcius Cyrenicus, 90, ; 

Trebellius Marinus, 91, 

Procurator a rationibus, p. 40 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 114. 

Procurator Armeniae maioris 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32, between 114 and 117. 

Procurator Asiae 

C. Minicius Italus, 4, under Domitian.; 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, first of Trajan's reign; 

Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36, under Trajan; 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 

Hesperus, 58, 122-3 ; 

Pompeius Severus, 62, 127; 

Iuncus, 89, between 131 and 138; 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius ; 

Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, first of Pius' reign. 

Procurator Asturiae et Callaeciae 

Q. Petronius Modestus, 7, under Nerva or Trajan; 

D. Iulius Capito, 33, between 114 and 116. 

Procurator Baeticae 

P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius. 



Procurator bibliothecarum 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 

L. Iulius Vestinus, 57, under Hadrian ; 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator Bithyniae 

Virdius Gemellinus, 28, between 111 and 113. 

Procurator Britanniae 

M. Maenius Agrippa, etc., 68, last of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator Cappadociae 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Hadrian or Pius. 

Procurator Ciliciae 

P. Postumius Acilianus, n, before 103. 

Procurator Cretae 

Ti. Iulius Alexander, 36, under Trajan. 

Procurator Daciae inferioris (semi-independent governor) 

Plautius Caesianus, 69, 129; 

T. Flavius Constans, 84, 137-8; 

Iulius Fidus Aquila, 78, 140. 

Procurator Dalmatiae 

L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, first of Pius' reign. 

Procurator Epiri (governor) 

Cn. Cornelius Pulcher, 25, between 103 and 114. 

Procurator epistrategiae septem, etc., see epistrategus, etc., 
Procurator Hellespont! (governor) 

C. Minicius Italus, 4, under Domitian. 

Procurator hereditatium, p. 41 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 118; 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian ; 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, under Pius( probably). 

Procurator Iudaeae (governor) 

Bassus, 42, under Hadrian. 

Procurator ludi magni 

T. Haterius Nepos, 32, about 117. 

Procurator Lugdunensis et Aquitanicae 

C. Minicius Italus, 4, (also of Lactora) under Domitian; 
C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 

Procurator Lusitaniae 

P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, about no (?); 
M. Calpurnius Seneca, etc., 53, about 127 or 128. 



'Procurator Lyciae et Pamphyliae 

C. Pompeius Planta, i, under Vespasian ; 

Eudaemon, 50, (also of Galatia, etc.) under Hadrian; 
Caelius Florus, 65, 127-8. 

Procurator marmorum 

Minicius Sanctus, 72, 132. 

Procurator Mauretaniae Caesariensis (governor) 

T. Caesernius Macedo, 3, 107; 

Marcius Turbo, 39, 117; 

L. Seius Avitus, 41, 118; 

M. Vettius Latro, 66, 128; 

C. Petronius Celer, 83, 137. 

Procurator monetae 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, before 103, under Trajan; 

P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
L. Domitius Rogatus, 82, last of Hadrian's reign and under 

Pius. 

Procurator Narbonensis 

C. Terentius Iunior, 21, early under Trajan ; 

T. Pontius Sabinus, 67, middle of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator Neaspoleos et Mausolei 

Sex. Cornelius Dexter, 71, last of Hadrian's reign ; 

C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Hadrian or Pius. 

Procurator Norici (governor) 

P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign; 

Q. Caecilius Redditus, 35, under Trajan; 

Plautius Caesianus, 69, under Hadrian, probably. 

Procurator Pannoniae et Dalmatiae 

T. Caesernius Macedo, 3, under Domitian ; 

L. Vibius Lentulus, 8, early under Trajan. 

Procurator patrimoni, p. 41 

Cn. Octavius Titinius Capito, 6, (proc. a patrimonio) 

under Domitian; 
C. Iulius Celsus, 86, under Pius. 

Procurator Ponti et Bithyniae 

Cn. Pompeius Proculus, under no. 13, time doubtful ; 
Virdius Gemellimus, 28, (Bithynia) between in and H3- 

Procurator praedioruim saltuum Hipponensis et Thevestini 

T. Flavius Macer, 38, first of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator pro legato Mauretaniae Tingitanae (governor) 

P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114. 

85 



'Procurator praefectus Sardiniae (governor) 

L. Baebius Aurelius Iuncinus, 85, under Pius, probably. 

Procurator XXXX Galliarum, p. 42 

Bassus, 42, first of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator IIII publicorum Africae, pp. 42 f. 

T. Eppius Latinus, 49, under Hadrian. 

Procurator Raetiae, (governor) 

Ti. Iulius Aquilinus, 22, 107. 

Procurator regionis Chersonesae, p. 44 

C. Manlius Felix, 24, between 103 and 114. 

Procurator Siciliae 

C. Iulius Demosthenes, 19, between 103 and 114; 

P. Prifernius Paetus, etc, 26, about 109 ( ?) ; 

T. Flavius Macer, 38, first of Hadrian's reign. 

Procurator Syriae 

Eudaemon, 50, under Hadrian; 

Aemilius Iuncus, under no. 89, under Hadrian, perhaps. 

Procurator Thraciae 

P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign. 

Procurator tractus Karthaginiensis, p. 44 

Tutilius Pudens, 94, under Hadrian ; 

Verridius Bassus, 93, " ; 

Earinus, 95, (office doubtful) " 

Procurator trium Galliarum 

L. Valerius Proculus, 92, under Pius. 

Procurator XX hereditatium, p. 42 

P. Besius Betuinianus, etc., 18, between 103 and 114; 
C. Manlius Felix, 24, before 114; 

P. Prifernius Paetus, etc., 26, last of Trajan's reign; 
C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (in Narbonensis and Aquitanica) 

under Hadrian or Pius ; 
C. Iulius Celsus, 86, (at Rome) under Hadrian or Pius ; 
M. Statius Priscus, etc., 79 (in Norbonensis and Aquitania) 

last of Hadrian's reign or under 

Pius. 

Promagister frumenti mancipalis 

C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before Trajan. 

Promagister portuum Siciliae, p. 43 

C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before Trajan. 

86 



Subpraefectus vigilum 

€. Maesius Tertius, 29, 113. 

Subprocurator Belgicae 

C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before 103. 

Subprocurator Mauretaniae Tingitanae 

C. Vibius Salutaris, 5, before 103. 



87 



I 16 1917 



B D 5. 7 



PROPERTY OF 
■nir imsitRY OF CONGS88 







a>** -^i«^« c ^^ *' 



~o 



"5U 



^ 
^<^ 



4 o,, 







"Wfiffi 






^§^32084 - 



0> 












